Learning - teacher Essay Example for Free

Learning teacher Essay Good afternoon everyone, today I am going to talk about education. Education has many affects but how does education affects our lives. Education affects people by opening them up to new ideas, thus broadening their thinking. As for example, A degree can also broaden opportunities in the job market. Sometimes education can change what you believe, if you find new truth and need to fit it into your worldview. As long as a person is careful to actually examine the information that is presented, and not just blindly accept anything from any source, education usually improves lives and minds and offers us more opportunities and possibilities. The education for society can be different, due to the fact that various types of education and learning methods and assumptions affect me and others in many different ways. An important key role in our life by far is education, because so far it has given me a different perspective of life. A well-known Greek Philosopher named Plato once said that the direction in which education starts a man will determine his future in life. He literally means the type of education we chose to follow or have leads to us becoming that. So far in my journey of life it has opened and shown my eyes to a lot to see in this world. Education has given me the chance to learn and discover new things around me; in addition it has taught me to believe about life. Education has made me who I am today, and will have a huge impact in my future to come, because it will determine how I will live. It has given me a picture and sense on what I can achieve and do in life. My education started at a very young age, just like most people start theirs. My first mentors and teachers were not from elementary school, but they were my own people that raised me from home. The education I received to this day has made me a better decision maker about life’s big questions. Nelson Mandela best said that education is the most powerful weapon which can be used to change the world. What Nelson Mandela is trying to mean is that education is the answer to move forward in life. I totally agree with Mandela on that.

Main Features Of A Computer System Information Technology Essay

Main Features Of A Computer System Information Technology Essay The system unit is the core of the computer system. It is a rectangular box placed on or underneath your desk. The box contains many electronic components that process information, the central processing units (CPU) is one of the main components. The microprocessor or the CPU acts as the brain of the computer; another part is the random access memory (RAM). It stores information that the CPU used when the computer is on. RAM information deletes as soon as the computer switched off. On the back of the system unit there are cables plug into a specific ports. Peripheral device or device (hardware) is not part of the system unit. Mouse is use to show and select items on the computer screen. The first mouse looks a bit like a real mouse nowadays we have different shapes of mice. It is connected to the system unit by a long wire however since there are many technological improvements now we have wireless mice. The mouse usually contains a primary buttons, a wheel and a secondary buttons. The wheel allows the user to scroll through the screens for information. The pointer may change its appearance depending where it is situate on the screen. Primary button selects items on the screen by simply clicking on it. It is the principal way to interact with the computer. Keyboard The main use of the keyboard is to type text into the computer, it contains letters and numerical keys. The keyboard also has some special keys such as the function keys which is use to perform different functions relied on where they are use. Numeric keypad authorises the user to enter numbers in a quicker way. The navigation keys perform almost the same task as the mouse as it allows you to move your position within a document or webpage. Monitor A monitor shows a see able form of the information text and graphics on the computer screen. It is like a television as it displays still and moving pictured. There are two types of monitors, the cathode ray tube (CRT) and the liquid crystal display (LCD). They are both design to make sharp images. The only differences between the two monitors are: the cathode ray tube is enabling you to afford it as it is cheaper and the liquid crystal is thinner and lighter. Speakers Speakers are use to hear the sound effects from the computers and listen to music. It is either built in the system unit or connected to the computer using cables. (http://course.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/s040643/EDD5169H/Computer%20Hardware.gif) Operating system An operating system is the essential interface that is connect to a computer and performs various functions. It is software that acts like the core of computer system. The basic functions of the operating system is the drivers and the security concerns. Drivers are programs to enable the operation of the devices specially the one installed on the system (mouse, keyboard, printer, etc). It translates the commands from operating system and also translates it back from the component to the operating system. The operating system also performs other functions such as debug errors and maintains the system. As computer software is a human creation. It makes the operating system lie down to errors so there are security concerns. Programmers sometime make mistakes that are often implement after testing while other software developers provide more efficient one. It means that some of the operating system is more prone to errors while the other software is more secure. Sometimes bugs in software may prohibit the system to communicate with the hardware devices. The instabilities of the software may result to crashes, which consist of freezing and unresponsive. This result may vary depending on the operating system. It can also lead to a point where the computer in to be reboot. The software bugs also allows unauthorised user to get to the system since its vulnerabilities enable the attackers to exploit and take complete control of the system. They can install Malware and attack other machines. So programmers provide security patches rather than updating the operating system. Types of Operating system Mac occupies the medium range to high end as a result Mac are popularly considered to be more expensive than other pcs. Though Mac suffers from relatively very few hacks, security holes Mac OS x does exist, just like in any other operating system. The Mac has seen significant market share increases in recent years, something that has also increased the amount of Mac-compatible software. MS-DOS, which is short for disk operating system, is an operating system for PCs that uses a command-line user interface. The command-line interface is difficult to learn, and the syntax and commands are not easy for the casual user to remember. There are several other operating systems such as Linux and other windows. (http://ischoolsclsbatungbakal.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/operating-system-interfaces.jpg) 2. Compare and contrast the different formats of computer systems. Large organisations make use of mainframe computers. Mainframes are use for applications such as Bulk Data Processing and Enterprise Resource Planning. Mainframes can be use for several small servers as it has the power to host multiple operating systems. Minicomputers also called workstations lie between mainframes and microcomputers. They used transistor and core memory technologies. The 12-bit PDP-8 minicomputer was the first successful one. Desktop can be use in a single location it is mainly used in workplaces and households. The power consumption is less critical to that of laptops. Laptops can be miniaturised, optimised and it is portable. Laptops are run using battery or an external battery. They have an inbuilt keyboard, touch pad (mouse) and LCD. 3.Describe the development of the processor in the last fifty years in relation to the development of Personal computers. A computer processor is the most defining thing that man invented .It is one of the most advanced technologies available. Since the development of the computer processors is growing every year. The processors speeds are really high and still increasing. Processors are found almost everywhere cars, cameras etc. Games consoles, digital audio players and GPS device are one of the most high technologies nowadays. The development of these technologies is getting more and more complicated. In 1972 the first processor was made by Intel, it was a 4-bit processor (Intel 4004) with a 740 kHz. After which the second processor was built 16-bit processor that had a 5 MHz speed. IBM produced a later version of the 8086 processor it was the first personal computer invented. Several technologies were being made during this time where a later version was launch the Intel 486, which has a 32-bits, and with a speed of 16MHz. The concept of multitasking was the developed where the processor was enable to run both real mode and protected mode. The System Management Mode (SMM) were attribute for power saving and computers went from Command line interface (CLI) to Windows, icons, menu and pointing device (WIMP) interaction. In 1993 the Pentium processor (Intel) came out with a speed of 60 MHz which next after was the Pentium II which has a speed of 233MHz, Pentium III has a speed of 450 MHz followed by Pentium 4 with a speed of 1.3 GHz. Intel inaugurated the Pentium M with a lower speed of 900 MHz. It has a power saver since the battery of the laptop last longer. In 2006 Core processor was introduced which has a speed of 1.6 GHz, Core Duo has a virtualisation capability which allow the computer system to perform multitask on the same computer. AMD even being one off the processor manufacturer it was not known until 1991 where they launched the AM386 processor with a speed of 40 MHz (same capability as the Intel 386). In 1999 Athlon Processor the crucial competitor to Pentium III was introduced by the AMD with a speed of 500 MHz. It was the first processor that reached 1 GHz at that time. The Computer processor continues their development to get the fastest processor. From 1975 the number of transistors used on a chip has double every year. Software programmers will create more cores that will allow multi-thread applications to be utilised. Computers will develop fast processors with multimedia applications such as graphics software, video players so on. (Ref: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/history-of-computer-processors.html) for dates and information. Intel Processor Generations Summary Generation Intel CPU Approx. Year 1st Generation 8086 (1) 1980   . 80186 1981   . 80286 1982 2nd Generation 80286 (2) 1982 3rd Generation 80386 (3) 1987 4th Generation 80486 (4) 1990   5th Generation Pentium (5) 1993   6th Generation Pentium Pro (6) 1995   . Pentium II 1996   . Pent. MMX 1997 . Celeron 1998   . Pentium 3 1999   7th Generation Pentium 4 (7) 2000   . Celeron II 2000   . Duron 2000 8th Generation Intel Core (8) 2006 (http://www.vaughns-1-pagers.com/computer/cpu-evolution.htm) (Macs)   (PCs) External Bits Internal Bits Intel CPU Approx. Year AMD CPU 8-bit 8080 1975 1976 8 16 8088 1977 8086 (1) 1980 16-bit 80186 1981 80286 1982 16 32 80286 (2) 1982 1985 32-bit 80386 (3) 1987 29000 80486 (4) 1990 1991 Pentium (5) 1993 32 64 1994   586 64-bit Pentium Pro (6) 1995 Pentium II 1996 K5 Pent. MMX 1997 K6 Celeron 1998 Pentium 3 1999 Athlon 64 128 Pentium 4 (7) 2000 K7 Celeron II Duron 128-bit 2001 2002 128 256 2003   256-bit 2004 2005 Intel Core (8) 2006 4. What are the SRAM, DRAM, ROM and Cache? And how are their functions different in the Computer system. SRAM that is static random access memory is more common than the DRAM. Compared to a DRAM SRAM does not have to be refresh and the access time is lower as well. SRAM does not have to be paused like the DRAM and it is often used as a memory cache. Unfortunately it is really expensive. However DRAM (Dynamic RAM) is most commonly used for personal computers and workstation. The personal computer processor can access any part of the memory directly rather than having to proceed from the beginning. DRAM has to be refreshed since it runs on the principle of moving current from a switch with two directions. The DRAM capacitors loose their charge really rapid. ROM (Read only memory) authorise you to write data only once and you allows you to read it as many time you want. It is also refers memory chips. Example of ROM is CD. A cache is use to store data temporary that you tend to use again. It is a block RAM that the CPU and Hard drive have a tendency to use regularly. Cache memory let the user to read the data faster that a RAM does, even if it is small. 5. What are the key development stages of computer systems since 1946? The key development stages often refer to the fundamental change occurs in the way computers operate that is increasingly smaller, cheaper, more efficient and reliable device. It is break down into four main stage of development know as generations development. First Generation is from 1946 -1958 (Vacuum tubes) Second Generation is from 1959-1964 (The era of the transistors) Third Generation is from 1965- 1979 (Integrated circuit Miniaturising the computer) Fourth Generation is from 1971-present. (The era of microprocessors) First generation (1946-1956) vacuum tubes. The first generation computer is the first one using Electronic numerical integrator and computer (ENIAC). They used vacuum tubes for the circuit and the magnetic drums for memory. It used to depend on machine language. It was really difficult to perform since it was the lowest programming language that was understand by computers. The input of the computer was based on punched cards and paper tape whereas the output was shown on the printouts. Then after in 1951 the first commercial computer was introduce UNIAC (universal automatic computer). IBM also launched the SAGE which was one of the leading computer Second Generation is from 1959-1964 (The era of the transistors) This generation is when most practical work was developing as the discovery of the transistors was made. It is when the real time reservation system begin the second generation of computers. As the transistors help the computer to improve its performance less space will be used, became more reliable, cheaper and finally less energy power was used. Third Generation is from 1965- 1979 (Integrated circuit Miniaturising the computer) 1965 it is when Gordon Moore predicts that the number of chips use will double up in a transistor. It was in the third generation that Intel had developed newly improve memory chip after which the microchip was introduce with a 256-bit RAM. Fourth Generation is from 1971-present. (The era of microprocessors) It is in the fourth generation that Intel develop a CPU through a micro chip. It is when Pascal programming language was written. The development has improved in a really wider way with windows, Mac etc. However the fifth generation is believed it will consist of artificial intelligence is a major way. Where the experts system can help Doctors for example to reach a diagnose. Things like Problem solving Robotics Natural language Expert system will be able to use by computers. 6. Use the internet to find a high performance personal Computer and explain the features within it. Specifically Discuss: Storage IP/OP Processor Speed/Power Multimedia facilities Other highlighted selling points. The best PC (personal computer) I found was the HP with an operating system capability of 64-bit on a speed of 2.66 GHz Intel processor. With an 8 hour battery life and a dimension of 33.1 x 24.3 cm. It has an internal drives of 320GB with a hard disk drives 7200 rpm. It has the latest wireless and Bluetooth facilities. System features Processor type Intel ® Coreà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢2 Duo Processor P8800 (2.66 GHz, 3 MB L2 cache, 1066 MHz FSB) Operating system installed Genuine Windows Vista ® Business with downgrade to Windows XP Professional custom installed Chipset Mobileà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ Intel ® GM45 Express Chipset Dimensions and weight Product weight Starting at 2.1 kg Product dimensions (W x D x H) 3.1 (at front) x 33.1 x 24.3 cm Memory Standard memory 3 GB 800 MHz DDR2 SDRAM Memory slots 2 SODIMM slots supporting dual channel memory Storage Internal drives 320 GB 7200 rpm SATA Optical drives Upgrade bay: LightScribe DVD+/-RW SuperMulti with Double Layer Graphics Display 35,8 cm (14.1) WXGA (1280 x 800 resolution) or 35,8 cm (14.1) Illumi-Lite LED WXGA (1280 x 800 resolution) or 35,8 cm (14.1) WXGA+ (1440 x 900 resolution) optional 2 MP Webcam with Business Card Reader Software Graphics Mobileà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ Intel ® Graphics Media Accelerator 4500MHD Expansion features Ports 3 USB 2.0 ports, VGA, stereo microphone in, stereo headphone/line out, Firewire (1394a), power connector, RJ-11, RJ-45 Slots Slots available for additional devices: 1 ExpressCard/54 slot, Secure Digital slot Audio High Definition Audio, stereo speakers, stereo headphone/line out, stereo microphone in, integrated dual-microphone array Integrated camera 2 MP webcam Keyboard Full-sized keyboard Whats in the box Enhanced dual pointing devices (touchpad and pointstick) with scroll zone Communications Network interface Intel Gigabit Network Connection (10/100/1000 NIC) Wireless technologies Intel 802.11a/b/g/draft-n, Bluetooth ® 2.0 Power and operating requirements Battery type 6-cell (55 WHr) Lithium-Ion battery Power features 6-cell (55 WHr) Lithium-Ion battery Battery life Up to 8 hours (more than 17 hours with the HP Extended Life Battery and up to 24 hours with the HP Ultra-Capacity Battery) Operating temperature range 0 ° to 35 ° C Security management Security management McAfee Security Solution, Kensington Lock slot, HP Privacy Filter (http://h10010.www1.hp.com/wwpc/uk/en/sm/WF06b/321957-321957-64295-3955549-3955549-3688868-4017987.html )

Scarcity and the Unlimited Wants of Mankind

Scarcity and the Unlimited Wants of Mankind Introduction In my view, economic is a study of the how the society uses the scarcity of resource to satisfy the needs and wants of people. Different well-known economists have different interpretations of the economic statement. So, economics is not a specific answer and explanation, It is made of various well-known economists to identify the definition and awareness of economic. As we know that, economics is very important to a country, not only country, it also important to people. Body Economics is the study of resources, their scarcity and the unlimited wants of mankind. From this sentence, it was talking about economics is the study of resources, the resources are categories by 4 type of resources. Firstly, the resource of land, the land not only represents a piece of land in a country; the land is containing all the natural resources such as trees, mineral, rivers and etc. Secondly, the resource of labour, the resource of labour is mean that consists of the physical and mental abilities of a worker. The worker able to work according to the job responsibility and job routine, for example of the worker, is engineer, supervisor, manager and so on. Thirdly, the resource of capital, capital refers to goods produced in an economy that are used to produce other goods and services. For example, machines, tools, vehicle and so on. Lastly, entrepreneur, the entrepreneur is mean a person who has to organize resources for production, has an idea and able to introduce new pr oduct or techniques of production. Other than this, the person gains the rewards and bears the risks of such endeavours. An entrepreneurs purpose is bringing innovation and risk-taking. There are 3 basic economic issues which is what goods to produce and in what quantities, how to produce them and for whom to produce them? In these 3 basic economic issues, it will cause the decision making to become many changes as the scarce resources. Besides that, it also will cause the demand changes in the market, it maybe affects the quantities of using the scarcity of resources. In this case, we may choose the most appropriate, efficient, and best option in order to overcome these 3 basic economic issues. Because it can help the producer or manufacturer to make a decision which goods and service to consume and utilize by effective using the scarcity resource. From this situation, the opportunity cost will occur. What is an opportunity cost? Opportunity cost is mean that the cost of an item measured in terms of alternatives forgone. For example, a financial manager who is living in Johor state and he/she working in Singapore and earn 2500 dollars by the month but he/she need to pay for the bus fees in 300 dollars and take a long time for Johor state to Singapore. Besides that, he/she able to work in Johor state as a financial manager too. The salary by a month is RM 3500 and the company provides transportation, and take a very short time for travel from the company to his/her home. In this situation, the financial manager needs to make a decision in order to make self as convenience as possible and calculate the best reward included the transport fees, so he/she need to foregone one job to satisfy his/her desire. From this, the opportunity cost was related between scare of resource, so a company, firm or organization need to choose the bes t option to develop. Different economists have different terms, view and statement to describe and delimit the economics. The most appropriate definition is that by Lionel Robbins who defined economics as The science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses. Lionel Robbins as a British famous economist was defined economics as the science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses. In these phrases, there are few basic propositions emphasized in Lionel Robbinss definition as follows. Firstly, in this phrase, we talk about what actually meaning of human behaviour. Human behaviour in this phrase is meant that the human has unlimited human wants, even consumer. Basically human is looking for something in needs and wants to full fill their demand and able to reach their satisfaction even same as the consumer are looking for good quality of products and efficiency services. However, humans satisfaction is not fixed such as high demanding or easily satisfies, this also same as a consumer because consumer also has different satisfaction in products and services due to they are post-purchase. On the other hand, human is always insatiability in their need. The needs have to be satisfied for the life and the wants have to satisfy in order to live comfortably. Besides that, Human is also never feel satisfied as they have something they still want to get something that is better than the things they have. For example, previously we just need phones that can help us call each other, afterwards, we start to want some music in our phones, hence the radio and mp3, afterwards people have more needs, we want to be able to watch videos, internet, make video calls and so on. Limitless needs and wants make resources scarce and difficult to sustain. Therefore, needs are never-ending by the human and human was never stop working or keep hard work to earn money in order to satisfaction of their needs. Next, when human faced many options of wants, they need to choose the best one of the wants in order to achieve their satisfaction based on their limited resource. Based on the Lionel Robbinss theory, it talks about all wants are not same important, some are more important and some are less important, so we have to consider by well which wants is most important and arrange the wants we have by most important to less important. Then we choose the most important one to first and delaying the other wants. There are 4 basic resources which are land, labour, capital and entrepreneur. Sometimes these four resources will be scarcity it may cause the demand to exceed the supply. So, in order to avoid this situation occur, the decision making must be made by rational. First, lands are being inefficiency in the world, so that the people must be plan out the most effective method for using the limited land. For example, Singapore is a modern country nowadays, Singapore has fast development such as modern building, modern transportation and so on. In order to develop, it needs a large of space of land. Singapore is a country which is small and a narrow, in order to let more people living in Singapore so that, the government construct the high building to the people for live and builds more high building for other uses, thus the lack of land resource problem solved. Of course, the problem has been solved, but it spends much of funds to fetch up the defect, so it will cause Singapore to forego s ome projects and plans. Secondly, we talk about the labour, labour is referred that employee and workers which is willing to work and have the ability to work. Labour is a very important one in the 4 resources too, if a company lack of labour, which will cause many problems such as less production, the whole operation might be slowed down and so on. For example, a manufactory was facing less of labour, it caused the production is going slowing down and the packaging department was slow operation too. In order to solve the problem, the manufactory itself has to increase the salary to attract more people to come in the manufactory to work. Besides that, the manufactory also needs to buy the machine to replace the human resource. So that, the manufactory itself will be more efficiency in production, packaging and so on. Although the problem was solved, the net profit of the manufactory will decrease because of spending the income to the worker, it may cause the manufactory itself may foregone some plan or proj ect such as expand the manufactory scale and development of branches. Thirdly, we talk about the resource of capital. Capital is the items that a manufactory or a company using to produce goods and services such as machines, tools and vehicles. In other hand capital also refers to the real estate of a company or manufactory. Furthermore, a resource of capital is a very close relationship between resource of labour, it is because the capital needs labour to control or use. Resource of capital is quite important to a manufactory, firms, company and so on, it is because they using the resource of capital to serve the customer in order to earn a profit. Resource of capital is a resource which is tangible and intangible, so for the tangible capital resource will going to degradation because of the flow over time. So, some manufacturing factory or firms will renew update and be buying new capital to replace the old capital. For, example, a new manufacturing factory is full of the capital resource but lack of the technical staff and the capital resource withi n the new manufactory is used for mass production. In order to fulfil the capital resource being to control, the manufactorys labour resource manager has to hire the workers which able to control the capital to produce the product in the manufactory. If it hired the technical staff successfully, the lack of control of capital is been solved, but the manufactory are spent much of money in the salary to the workers. In this case, the headquarter has to consider by rational to make a decision as able to supply the product to the demand of the consumer as moderate as possible. In order to complete the production, they have to forgo some plans and program such as establish more branches in other areas, buy over the supplier and so on, it is because the new manufactory is spending much of money in the salary of the workers. So, it takes time to earn back the money and the other plans and program will be postponed. The last resource is the entrepreneur; an entrepreneur is a person who has the ability to organise resources for production and has the ability to introduce new products and services. The entrepreneur also has the ability to bring the innovation of the products and services, the entrepreneur also receives the reward and bears the risks. In economy, scarcity of resource will occur and not excluded entrepreneur. Why will the entrepreneur be scarcity? That was being many factors to cause it. For example, Sabah state was a second largest area of the state in Malaysia; these states are be living most poverty people, so the people unable to study in school and unable to enter a higher school because of financial problems. As an entrepreneur, besides having an education background and creativity of idea it also need the resources to produce goods and services such as land, capital, and labour resource. For example, an entrepreneur has idea to produce the product which is cloth, it needs workers, machine and place to produce this product, but the entrepreneur does not have enough too much of funds to buy over the factory and the entrepreneur only have funds to buy the machinery and able to hire some workers to work. So the entrepreneur just has to rent the factory to produce the product. In this case, the entrepreneur have to choose the best way to satisfy his/her wants if the entrepreneur spends the funds to buy over the factory it does not have enough to buy machinery and hire workers. In this scenario, the entrepreneur has to foregone to buy over the factory, so the entrepreneur can produce the product by renting the factory. Conclusion In the economy, the land, labour, capital and entrepreneur is very important to a company, manufactory and firms. When the company, manufactory and firms are facing scarcity of the resource, it needs to choose the best wants, arrange the important wants to first and postpone or foregone the less important wants. Furthermore, decision making is also very important. For the opportunity cost, for example, scarce of the resource is happened in a company, the companies headquarter has to choose the best wants in order to develop within some wants. In this case, it has to foregone the other wants. If the company headquarter has had chosen a wants to develop, after a period of time, there are no regret of chosen the wants to develop and no regret do not choose other wants before. So, in this situation, the companys headquarter have to consider by clear and be rational in order to make sure that does not feel regret after the decision is making by over a period of time. In this assignment, I was learning much of knowledge such as Lionel Robbinss theory and gain some useful information by doing internet research. Besides that, I also had an understood the 4 resources such as land, labour, capital and entrepreneur.

Founding Fathers Of The Usa :: essays research papers

There are many people who can be considered the indirect founding fathers of The United States. Such people are The Christian Crusaders, Marco Polo, Cortez, Pizarro, and Martin Luther. The Crusades were a series of holy wars fought to win the holy land of Christianity from those who follow Mohammed. Even though these wars failed in the respect of winning the land back, they did triumph in another aspect. The crusaders introduced a lifestyle to the Europeans in the Holy Land that was more appealing than they knew before. Following the wars the Europeans returned and they created a market to deliver the desirable goods they came accustomed to in the Holy Land. This was one reason for the beginning of exploration, and ultimately led to the discovery of America. Marco Polo was a great explorer of his time. He wrote a manuscript on his voyage entitled, "The Voyage of Marco Polo." In this manuscript it said how the Kahn of China lived in riches, used fine china, decorated with gold, and used spices. When the manuscript reached the people of Europe they realized how life could better if they had the materials as did the Khan. This discovery encouraged people to find new places to find these riches. Cortez founded the city of Tenochtitlan, which was created by the Aztecs in central Mexico. He said how the people of this town lived with the riches of a Khan. They city was advanced further than any European had seen in the New World. The ruler of this land, Montezuma, lived in huge room filled with "jewels, precious stones, silver, and an astonishing amount of gold." Soon after his arrival the Aztecs rebelled. Cortez had Indian and Spanish allies and won the battle against the Aztecs. News of the conquest of Mexico created a rush of Spanish to America and led to further settling of the continent. Francisco Pizarro found the empire of the Incas in the Andes Mountains region. This empire, like the Aztec Empire, was advanced and rich in gold and silver. Inca, the head of the Empire and was considered a God, was killed by Pizarro. This lessened the spirit of the Incas and made it easier for Pizarro and his men to succeed among them. This success, again, encouraged the Europeans to settle their own area. One of the best known reformers, Martin Luther, can be considered a founding father of The United States. Luther tried to reform the Church of England, and rid it of Catholic ways.

Critique of Gilgamesh as a King in The Epic of Gilgamesh Essays

A Critique of Gilgamesh as a King in The Epic of Gilgamesh   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are some characteristics that most great kings have. All of the great kings did not have all of these characteristics, but they had some of them. Gilgamesh did not have many of these traits. Although he was a powerful king, he was not a great king. He had some good traits, such as being a leader, and fighting evil powers. He tormented his people, oppressed them them, exhausted them in daily life and in combat, and he gave himself the right to sleep with any unmarried woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gilgamesh uses his strength to get anything he wants. He especially uses his power to get women. He â€Å"demands to be first with the bride, the king to be first and the husband to follow.†(68) To c...

Reflection Paper on the Climax in the Tell-Tale Heart

The Murderer versus the Murder Reflection Paper on â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Alan Poe A major aspect in this story is the climax, since in my opinion there is more than one. Which I believe is good since the story does not stop after the first climax, which is the murder; it seems to get even more suspenseful. Inevitably, the first climax is when the narrator, whose name and gender is unknown in the story, finally murders the old man after eight nights of planning. â€Å"There was no pulsation. He was stone dead.His eye would trouble me no more† (Poe 4). This is considered a climax since the murder was planned and we (the readers) were involved in each step of it due to Poe’s use of adjectives and repetition. After this climax, the story does not go into the falling action. Instead, it continues to be suspenseful as the cops show up in order to investigate the murder. It gets more intense when at first he was so confident that he would get away with the murder but then he begins to hear the heart beat and becomes paranoid. I smiled – for what had I to fear? I bade the gentlemen welcome†¦ I fancied a ringing in my ears†¦ The ringing became more distinct: – it continued and became more distinct†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Poe 5). The narrator tried to hide the fact that he was so uncomfortable with their presence, as well as trying to speak louder in order to somewhat overbear the heat beating but the heart beats only grew louder and louder. â€Å"Dissemble no more! I admit the deed†¦ † (Poe 6).The previous extract from the story would very much demonstrate the second climax. Attention to all the details involved in this story may help the reader identify the climax, and in my opinion this story is about the murderer and his guilt rather than the murder itself. Therefore, I believe that the main climax occurs when the narrator admits to the cops that he murdered the old man. List of References: Angus, D. (1987 ). The best short stories of the modern age. Robbinsdale, MN: Fawcett. (Originally published in 1969)

Kit Kat Company Essay

1: INTRODUCTION Kit Kat started in August 29 in 1935 in York by Rowntree, in 1973 Kit Kat entered in Japan market. In 1988, Nestle took over the Kit Kat ( Kit Kat, 2014). Today, Kit Kat is very successful in Japan, Kit Kat has more then two hundred different products in Japan, it help Kit Kat get more and more market share in Japan( Kit Kat, 2014). More and more people think Kit Kat is like a logo in Japan, because there are some special Kit Kat products only selling in Japan. Kit Kat success in Japan is the fact, but why Kit Kat is successful in Japan, it must be affect with generic strategy. Kit Kat using the right strategy to help them success. Generic strategy is very important for the company, it will help the company increase the competitive. When the Kit Kat choose the right generic strategy, it will help the company more stronger, they can get more market shares, help the company to be successful. 2. Generic Strategy Generic strategy was described by Micheal Porter in 1979, Porter’s generic strategy is talking about how a company increase the competitive advantage in their chosen market. There are three generic strategy, cost leadership, differentiation or focus, focus is about two different way, cost focus or differentiation focus (Oxlearn.com, 2014). Cost leadership strategy means save the cost in the organization help the company to increase the competitive advantage. For example: Wal-Mart, they are using cost leadership, they are very successful, they find the cheap domestic suppliers and from low-wage foreign markets, they keep the cost and using  the lower price selling to the customers (Small Business – Chron.com, 2014). Differentiation strategy means a company using many different products to increase the competitive advantage and get more market shares. For example, Apple company is a very successful in the world, they have many different products, iPhone, iPad, iPod, Mac, Watch, etc. They are using different products to improve themselves, help the company to get more customers and market shares. Focus strategy is including cost focus and differentiation focus. The different with cost focus and differentiation focus is focus the cost or products differentiation. Cost focus is focus the cost, use the lower cost to improve the competitive advantage. Differentiation focus is a company try to produce the different products in the new market take the company more stronger, increasing the competitive advantage. Kit Kat is a successful company in the world, they are using cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy. There are some reasons for why Kit Kat chosen cost leadership strategy. Lower cost raw materials. Kit Kat owned by Nestle SA. Kit Kat is selling chocolate, when they making the products, the need the raw materials, for example: sugar, milk, coffee and cocoa. Nestle SA is doing business with this raw materials, so they can use the cheaper prices to get the raw materials (MarketWatch, 2014). That will help the company to reduce the cost, it means Kit Kat can use the lower price to selling their product and keep the profit, increase the competitive advantage. Retail. In January 15 2014, the world’s first Kit Kat opened in Tokyo (Ashcraft, 2014). Before 2014, Kit Kat do not have any store, they only selling in the other shops. All of the customer can buy the Kit Kat from the supermarket or shops. It can help the company save the cost. They are selling in the supermarket can help the company, they do not need to hire more employees and open the own shop they need to spend more cost. Today they opened the first store in Tokyo, but customer also can buy the Kit Kat from the supermarket or in other shops, it can help the company get more customer and increase the competitive advantages. There are some reasons for why Kit Kat chosen differentiation strategy. The strategy customer. Kit Kat has more then 200 different products in Japan. There are more then forty products are only selling in Japan, for example: Wasabi, Strawberry Cheesecake, Lemon Vinegar, and Cucumber (Break with Kit Kat, 2014). Kit Kat  produces many different products, that is achieve the differentiation strategy, they try to use the differentiation to improve the company. Different people has different taste, need and want, so different will get more and more customer to buy the products, different product is suitable to different customers. That is the reason why different products can increase the competitive advantage for the company. All of the different products have their own package, different colour and different weight. In 1942, Kit Kat fist time selling the blue Kit Kat in the market, in 1949, Kit Kat start to selling red Kit Kat in the market, after that, Kit Kat produced more and more different Kit Kat, for example, in 1990s Kit Kat start to selling the Nestle Macintosh Corporation ( Kit Kat, 2014). Japan is a developed country, people want to improve the quality of life, so they need more different products, they want more different experience. Everyone’s life is different, so they have different demand, students, workers and old people have different need, today you can find much more different Kit Kat in Japan, anyone can choose different Kit Kat for them. Different Kit Kat has own colour, people like different colour, so different colour can keep different customer and different weight is suitable for different customer, for example, if one family like eating Kit Kat, they need more weight, can help them save time, do not need to buy many times, so bigger weight is suit for them. Key c ompetitors. Kit Kat is doing business with chocolate, but there are some chocolate industry in the world, for example:Ferrero brands, Mars brands and Cadbury brands. They are also doing the business with chocolate, the are also very successful, so Kit Kat need to improve the competitive advantage. Other brand do not have much different products, but Kit Kat have many different products, it will help Kit Kat easy to get the customer. Kit Kat is owned by Nestlà © SA which also owns a range of other product brands, from 2007 to 2012, the market share only changed 0.7%, that mean differentiation help the Kit Kat keep the market shares (Break with Kit Kat, 2014). Kit Kat’s target market is men and women of all ages, so different products can help Kit Kat keep the market shares. All of the chocolate company selling the products in Japanese market, the number of customers is fixed, so Kit Kat is using differentiation strategy to increase the competitive advantage, when Kit Kat  fight with other company in the market, they are more stronger, they can get more market shares, help the company more successful. 3. Ebola and Kit Kat Ebola virus is an infectious disease, this disease has a high risk of death (Who.int, 2014). First cases notified in March 2014 in west Africa.(Who.int, 2014). It affect the price of cocoa, in November the price of cocoa up twenty percent, before November it was up to thirty-five percent to forty percent (PBS NewsHour, 2014). West Africa is the world’s largest cocoa origin, when Ebola virus found in west Africa, that affect the cocoa trade, many farmer in Ebola virus disease, because this disease has a high risk of death, so much of the farmer died of Ebola virus disease, so they lose a lot of labor, they do have enough people to working with the cocoa, so the chocolate company can not buy the enough cocoa, demand higher then supply, the price of cocoa will going up. In USA, all of the price of chocolate increase ten cents for each Kit Kat. Kit Kat is a chocolate company, cocoa is the most important raw material, they need the cocoa to make the chocolate, but the price of coco a going up, so they need to spend more cost on the cocoa, but they did not pass all the cost to the customers, so in 2014 the sales slump seven percent (FoodNavigator-USA.com, 2014). Kit Kat can use operational level strategy. Operational level strategy A plan that details how a business will use its production resources to meet its goals. Many business managers will put together a detailed operation strategy in order to clearly present to subordinate staff their plans for how their portion of the business should function in order to attain its objectives (BusinessDictionary.com, 2014). The price of cocoa up around twenty percent is about the global economy, so all of the chocolate companies are increase the costs, they also need the cocoa to produce the products. If Kit Kat is using cost same like other time, they also want to keep the profit, they must transfer the cost to the customer, it means increase the price of the Kit Kat, but Kit Kat can choose to reduce the cost in the transport or other please, they also can find the cocoa supplies from other countries, help them to reduce the cost. Seventy percent cocoa from west Africa, there are also thirty percent cocoa they can find, using the cocoa from other may be is cheaper, try to save the cost in the other places, for example: package,  or transportation. Kit Kat can find the cheaper other raw materials, help the company to reduce the cost. When Kit Kat try to save the cost in other places, do not increase the price of products, they can increase the competitive advantage, help the company keep the customer and market shares. 4. Conclusion Kit Kat is a very successful company in Japan. Kit Kat is start from 1935 to now, Kit Kat has 79 years history. In this 79 years, Kit Kat from a small business becoming this successful company, because they are using the right strategy, right strategy can help the company service and becoming more stronger. They have more the four hundred different products, they can fight with the Ferrero brands, Mars brands and Cadbury brands, and becoming same with that brands, even more successful in Japan. Different strategy suit for different situation and different company, there is not best strategy, there is only suitable strategy, a strategy may be can take the company more and more successful or closed. 5. List of References Kit Kat. 2014. KitKat History. [ Online]. Available from: http://nestle.jp/brand/kit/about/history/ [Accessed 22 DEC 2014]. Oxlearn.com, (2014) Oxford Learning Lab – Watch it Learn it Badge it. [ Online]. Available from: http://www.oxlearn.com/arg_Marketing-Resources-Porter%27s-Generic-Strategies_11_33 [Accessed 28 December 2014]. Small Business – Chron.com, (2014) Examples of Cost Leadership & Strategy Marketing. [ Online]. Available from: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-cost-leadership-strategy-marketing-12259.htm l [Accessed 28 December 2014]. MarketWatch, (2014) Nestle keeps view on raw material inflation. [ Online]. Available from: http://www.marketwatch.com/story/nestle-keeps-view-on-raw-material-inflation-2012-08-09 [Accessed 28 December 2014]. Ashcraft, B. (2014) The World’s First Kit Kat Store Is Opening in Tokyo, Kotaku. [ Online]. Available from: http://kotaku.com/the-worlds-first-kit-kat-store-is-opening-in-tokyo-1501753395 [Accessed 28 Decemb er 2014]. Break with Kit Kat, (2014) Global Business Strategy. [ Online]. Available from: http://breakwithkitkat.weebly.com/global-business-strategy.html [Accessed