BHS 400 STRESS MANAGEMENT (Module 5 SLP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strength Based Family Assessment †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the Strength Based Family Assessment. Answer: Presentation: The all encompassing property of nursing impacts the attendants to build up a gathering of abilities to rehearse successfully inside the general public. One of these capabilities of the attendants is to do a total appraisal on family quality. The medical caretakers would need to acquaint with family quality, so the attendants can incorporate the family into the formal providing care process. It is known to everybody that the family esteems and capacity have an impact to the people. This impact can be either positive or negative. The family quality based research empowers the medical attendants to know the traits wherein the family is progressing nicely. The examination likewise features the realities where they can progress admirably. This all encompassing methodology of the medical caretakers to assist the families with identifying their quality encourages the families to build the strength. At the point when the medical attendants builds up a structure to evaluate the family qualit y; the appraisal causes the attendants to improve the territory of the providing care and encourages them to move past their own way of life (Dunst, Trivette, and Deal 1994). The medical caretakers follow a manual for survey the family quality. The medical caretakers for the most part attempt to tune in to the family and get some information about their family esteems and rules. By knowing their story, the medical attendant can watch the quality and shortcoming of the family and what challenges the family faces in their day by day life. The evaluation direct have eight diverse ascribe to survey the quality. These traits are family harmony, shared exercises, support, fondness, duty, acknowledgment and versatility (Gottlieb 2012). By distinguishing the quality of the family, the medical caretakers may advise the relatives about the estimation of every individual from the family thusly expanding the solidarity between them. The reinforcing of connection between the relatives reestablishes the responsibility of them towards one another so they can remain together in wellbeing and infection. As the family recharges their dedication towards one another, the shared trust between them fortifies. The family quality evaluation likewise has some clinical ramifications. At the point when a medical caretaker surveys the family quality, she more likely than not joined the discoveries into the nursing care of the specific patient. By doing the appraisal, the medical caretaker may offer directing to the relatives to assist them with fortifying their way of dealing with stress to adequately manage pressure. This appraisal causes the medical attendants to comprehend the otherworldly viewpoint of the family, which encourages the medical attendants to deal with the specific patient. The medical caretaker can likewise direct the family to cause them to comprehend the advantage of the charming time they would spend together in sickness. The medical caretakers can likewise urge the family to remain nearby together and praise each event together (Dunst, Trivette, and Deal 1994). Dear companion, I firmly concur with your sentiment about FSA (Family quality Assessment). You have referenced about the significance of FSA is your answer. You have referenced that it is vital employment for the medical attendants. I believe that, you are directly about that. The attendants, who need to advance family wellbeing, can accomplish it by the nursing system dependent on family quality. This methodology accepts that each family has something solid about them, which can be utilized on a wellbeing advancement movement. You are correct that, this kind of action is valuable for the advancement of wellbeing and strength. Each family has an assortment of solid focuses and the medical attendants can find out about these assortments and can show the families to gain from it. This would make the providing care approach dependent on the family quality evaluation an amazingly one of a kind methodology for every family. The methodology of using the qualities is the gauge of advancing Family quality evaluation (Smith and Ford 2013). For the government assistance of society, it is significant for the nursing understudy to think about the family government assistance system. The nursing understudy who are the eventual fate of nursing, need to think about the job of the family in their activity. As in nursing, thinking about the patients foundation is significant. The medical attendants need to regard the patient as an individual and for doing that, evaluation of the patients and their family is vital (Wright and Leahey 2012). It causes the medical attendants to make an appropriate treatment design and assess the methodologies to do the consideration the board. Precisely the same system can be utilized to do the quality evaluation for the family. The structure is applied through the meeting strategy and this meeting causes the medical caretakers to detail the mediation, joining the family quality into the arrangement of care. I accept that the FSA approach is a finished direction for the medical caretakers who need to comprehend the ongoing issues in the wellbeing framework and distinguish the requirements of the family. This methodology of FSA will help the medical attendants in their clinical practice. I have faith as you would see it that distinguishing these solid focuses about the families are just the base of FSA approach. The medical attendants need to deal with that base to develop a procedure to expand the home, which is a definitive objective of the FSA approach. The attendants need to assemble out all the data to consolidate it with the wellbeing advancement exercises. The medical caretaker will likewise need to urge the families to develop the quality, without this, an insignificant evaluation and plan would be worthless. The medical attendants need to fortify the family association by helping the individuals to remind their basic associations. This will assemble the flexibility. I therefore, concur with your supposition about FSA accept that FSA is the most attractive methodology for advancing the family wellbeing. Reference: Dunst, C.J., Trivette, C.M. furthermore, Deal, A.G., 1994.Supporting fortifying families: techniques, methodologies and practices(Vol. 1). Brookline Books. Gottlieb, L.N., 2012.Strengths-based nursing care: Health and recuperating for individual and family. Springer Publishing Company. Smith, L. also, Ford, K., 2013. Correspondence with youngsters, youngsters and familiesa family qualities based approach.Child, Youth and Family Health: Strengthening Communities, p.91. Wright, L.M. also, Leahey, M., 2012.Nurses and families: A manual for family appraisal and mediation. FA Davis.

Investment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Venture Law - Essay Example In certain nations including United Kingdom, tax evasion would be treated as a serious wrongdoing and people enjoyed illegal tax avoidance would be rebuffed carefully. It isn't vital that tax evasion is limited to just sorted out wrongdoing, it might be utilized to make new resources or to build the current resources wrongfully with the goal that it would hamper the national financial development pace of any country as far as gross local product3. The measures which lead to burden controls and defective http://74.125.153.132/search?q=cache:WDGICRzCIJoJ:www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1988_en.pdf+vienna+convention+against+illicit+traffic+innarcotic+Drugs+and+psychotropic+substances(1988)&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in As talked about before, tax evasion might be worked by various offices or people extending from private people to psychological militants at both national and worldwide levels. The fundamental worry of the general public now a days is the job of illegal tax avoidance played in reinforcing the association and monetary wellbeing of psychological militant outfits which is profoundly risky for setting up world peace4. There are supporters worked at different levels from the general public who bolster psychological oppressors by financing them through illicit methods which likewise go under tax evasion. Henceforth there is a solid associating join between tax evasion and fear based oppressor financing. The disturbing thing before us as of now is the expanding size of the issue of illegal tax avoidance. Different kinds of procedures are associated with fear based oppressor financing psychological militants and illegal tax avoidance is most significant methods out of these procedures. Indiv iduals from customary streams like workers, researchers and craftsmen might be engaged with online exchanges which account the fear monger outfits. Hawala is one of the most significant methods through which cash is washed. Fear based oppressor associations like Alkhaida got enormous advantage through hawala exchanges in building their

Chapter 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Section 10 - Essay Example consummation of utilization this technique remember well-suited expertise for distinguishing engaged and basic research questions, plan and key testing of theory, control for perplexing factors, Skill in leading, all-round meeting, which incorporate, organized, semi-organized and open-finished and figuring and making ends from graphic and inferential insights As indicated by section ten, the advantages of grasping blended research techniques incorporate total location of an exploration issue, increase corresponding information to and from look into strategies, sound age and testing of speculation and triangulation purposes among others. This part gives a brief look at the sorts of blended techniques structures that are generally applied. They incorporate joined, installed, logical and exploratory structures. On equivalent measure, this section gives the plans of completing a blended technique inquire about method. It includes such strides as recognizing the examination questions and significant theory, completing the exploration audit and considering all the legitimacy worries of the example information As per part ten of the book, an analyst needs to comprehend the two unique moral concerns or issues that may emerge (Leedy, Paul and Ormrod, 2012). They incorporate, in the exploratory structure, where aftereffects of stage 1 guide the execution of stage 11, the scientist may submit two recommendations in this circumstance to the IRB. One for each Phase and the issue of illustrative plan, when the analyst needs to apply stage one result of quantitative information ought to be

What Should Be The #65533;ideal Curriculum For Your Area Of Work Or - 1

What Should Be The #65533;ideal' Curriculum For Your Area Of Work Or - 1 What Should Be The ?ideal' Curriculum For Your Area Of Work Or Professional Practice â€" Assignment Example > Ideal Curriculum for Professional Practice or ExpertiseIntroductionIdeal curriculum needs to be designed by giving proper consideration to the professional studies that the student is going to attain at a professional level. For the students of medical profession, the selection of inquiry-based learning is the most appropriate option as they are in need of more investigation, discoveries, experimentations and questioning. Because of adopting inquiry-based strategy for designing their curriculum by teaching them by the use of inquiry-based teaching will accommodate the medical students with the best kind of learning and they will attain knowledge through pragmatic and practical means in place of theoretical means. The fact cannot be negated that theory is as important as practical but for the students of medical science, theory practical plays an important role. They are in need of proper practical along with theoretical study. Ideal curriculum that is designed for the students of medical science includes a major part in form of practical. Theory is given as much importance as that to practical. Fifty percent practical and fifty percent practical should be set in the curriculum by the trainers and teachers that are responsible for developing the curriculum. In this paper, the medical science curriculum based on inquiry teaching will be designed and evaluated, which will be proved as ideal. This paper will take into consideration all the aspects that are needed in the development of a curriculum that will be ideal in terms of inquiry-based teaching to medical science students. After introduction, an ideal curriculum that is needed by medical science students will be discussed and then problems related to designing and implementation of the ideal curriculum will be analyzed. Designing of curriculum and evaluation of the designed curriculum will come afterwards and after evaluation, the topic will be concluded. Ideal Curriculum and Inquiry Based TeachingBefore designing an ideal curriculum, the teachers, administration or the trainers who are involved in the development of a curriculum should consider the following points: They must be able to identify the needs and requirements of the students and should construct a curriculum that fulfils all the needs of the students under consideration (Laird and Stevenson 1993). They should be able to identify the educational needs of children along with their social needs to facilitate them with the best kind of curriculum that allows them to enjoy as well as gain information and knowledge of the required discipline (Nowlem 1988). The objectives related to development of the curriculum should be identified in order to develop an influential and ideal curriculum (Romiszowski 1981). Content that needs to be considered in terms of inclusion in the curriculum should be identified and evaluated. All the details concerning organization and arrangement of the content with its accordingly set timelines sho uld be considered while developing a curriculum. The administration, teachers and trainers are responsible for opting a suitable and appropriate strategy that should be set for the education purpose of the students (Romiszowski 1981). The strategy opted for teaching of medical science students is inquiry based teaching and their curriculum is developed accordingly. The teachers, administration and trainers should think of suitable methods of teaching the students such as for teaching medical science students, the opted method is that of inquiry based teaching in which, the students are allowed to ask questions for their understanding related to a topic and their knowledge is based on question and answer exercise. They are also responsible for thinking about how to evaluate the performance of students in terms of attainment of knowledge related to the subject matter (Nowlem 1988). They must also suggest ways by which, the curriculum is taken to the students like presenting through charts, diaries, printed photocopies for the students or through online websites (Seidel, et. al 2005). The teacher can also discuss the curriculum with the students to develop interest in them about the subject and its details. The most important aspect that should be considered by the administration is the educational environment that is provided to the students (Romiszowski 1981). The teachers, administration and trainers should consider and set an educational environment for the students that is flexible for them and lets them to study in a good environment (Spector, et. al 2005). The management procedure of educational practice should also be fixed by discussions between the relative personnel. In the management, the time needed for the completion of the course, the hours per day required in completing the educational course, number of teachers required for a class or a group of students, timings of practical and theory classes, holidays and other information related to the ma nagement of the educational course should be discussed by the management, teaching staff and training staff of the educational institutions (Laird and Stevenson 1993).

The Culture of Starbucks Essay - 275 Words

The Culture of Starbucks (Essay Sample) Content: StarbucksName:Institution:The culture of StarbucksStarbucks has created a culture that compliments and values multiplicity and inclusion. They have become leaders in diversity and inclusion starting from the leadership team up to the associates in the field. Starbucks has incorporated multiplicity and inclusion into the hub of management competencies so that to make their goals to develop into actuality (Rose, 2014). Each and every leader within Starbucks put into practice behaviors that express inclusion. Rose (2014) further reiterates that it reaches out to influence capabilities, talents and varied point of view. Starbucks operates in varied businesses, teams and functions and as well as on different communities and cultures. The culture of multiplicity and inclusion ha also enhanced in building a diverse personnel, Raising the custom competencies and leading to the growth of varied systems of suppliers. In advancing the goals of inclusion and diversity, Starbucks has leveraged its Associate Network Groups. These groups help the company in providing industry solutions, insight regarding innovation of products, as well as collaborating growth and the enrollment and withholding of partners. In North America, Starbucks has empowered seven associate networks, worldwide council as well as a ground multiplicity and inclusion board (Rose, 2014).How Starbucks recently changed "clopeningà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ In the past, Starbucks has been under scrutiny regarding the management of the workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ hours. Recently the company has moderated the demands of scheduling on its baristas. These aims at addressing the problem of "clopening" whereby the employees are supposed to close the stores late at night and open them wee hours of the following day. Through the scheduling, the management has changed the software of employee management to give managers more power to ensure that working hours are reasonable. The management also recently enforced a rule for p osting schedules for at least one week in advance. Baristas who travel for more than an hour are given an alternative to relocating to the locations that are more suitable for them (Shoemake, 2013).How Starbucks support education for employeesStarbucks has supported employee education by proving baristas with free college tuition so that to complete their bachelorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s degree. For the US workers, the company has joined with Arizona University to provide both part-time and full-time education by providing compensation fo tuition costs for their years of undergraduate learning. The company also gives sophomores and freshmen scholarships, monetary aid and other resources to enable them balance needs of life and that of the work. All United States workforces working 20 hours on average per week at the store of Starbucks can be able to select over 40 undergraduate degree program at Arizona State University. They can earn compensation of full tuition for each semester until the gro gram is completed (Rose, 2014).Recruitment at StarbucksAccording to Shoemake (2013), at Starbucks, employees are an important component in the success of the company since they can make or break the organization. This motivates Starbucks to hire and recruit the right people for the job. The company also motivates the employees, train them properly, and they are also encouraged to keep on with the organization for an extended time. Therefore, Starbucks ensures that it provides pleasing jobs, a working atmosphere which is encouraging, suitable work schedules and reasonable reward and reimbursement. This strategy makes the company deploy human resources so as to increase its competitive gain. In attracting talented employees, Starbucks recruit qualified candidates by selecting those in the needs of the organization. Development involves orientation of fresh workers as well as education and development of the existing personnel. To retain good employees, Starbucks motivates them to do e xtremely well, evaluate their performance, reimburse them suitably and do everything possible to keep hold of them.Difference of customers in the US and ChinaThere is a significant difference between the customers in the US and those in China. In most of the Asian countries, there is a lo...

Sexual Assault And Its Effects On Society Essay - 1586 Words

First let me start off by telling you the true definition of rape .Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual penetration perpetrated against a person without that person s consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority or against a person who is incapable of giving valid consent, such as one who is unconscious, incapacitated, has an intellectual disability or is below the legal age of consent (work health organization).Rape also have a lot to with rape.Even though women are raped more than men ,men still do get rapped .Men are also the man perpetrators of rape .Most cases prove that the assault roots from a sense of entitlement since they â€Å"worked for it â€Å"or â€Å"they re a man so it s their right â€Å".America also tends to place the blame on victim the most hurt one . This research will analyze how Society in America handles rape according to Stats ,education ,and helping victim s.60% Of women who reported rape were under the age of 18.29.3% were less than 11 years old. 32.3% were between the ages of 11 and 17. 22.2% we re between the ages of 18 and 24. 7.1% 4 between 25 and 29. 6.1% older than the age of 29. 3% ages were not disclosed. This shows that age is a major factor when it comes to sexual assault in America.Youths 12 through 17 are two to three times more likely to be sexually assaulted . Through statistics you can see that rape and sexual assault is a huge issueShow MoreRelatedSexual Assault And Its Effects On Society1389 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract Sexual assault is something that can affect people emotionally, physically, psychosocially, psychologically, and even spiritually. As often as it occurs in society, the effects that sexual assault can have on an individual are all relatively similar. Sexual assault is any sort of sexually-based action in which one or more participants have not given consent. Often times, people refer to sexual assault as simply rape, however there are other dimensions to sexual assault which can includeRead MoreSexual Assault And Its Effects On Society Essay2061 Words   |  9 Pages When presented with this project, we chose to focus on sexual assault because it is a harsh realistic nightmare that poses reoccurring issues in our society. The goal of our campaign is to not only spread awareness about sexual assault, but also to educate about the topic. Although sexual assault is a very common occurrence, it is a sensitive topic; which leads to people and victims feeling hesitant to talk about it, ca using so many cases to remain untouched and victims silenced. For our projectRead MoreMedia Coverage on Occupy Wall Street Essay659 Words   |  3 PagesWall Street gained momentum, the public became aware of sexual assaults occurring within the Occupy Wall Street camps. As a result of this information, media began covering these assaults as part of their Occupy Wall Street coverage. This project will use a feminist media analysis of mainstream newspapers to explore the discourse around the ideology of sexual assault and women protesting in public space. I argue that the coverage of sexual assaults during Occupy Wall Street used a â€Å"blame the victim†Read MoreSexual Assault On College Campuses1314 Words   |  6 PagesIn the last few years, the issue of sexual assault on college campuses have been gaining popularity in the public. Campus sexual assault have been a recurring subject throughout history and it seems to only get bigger. People would think that college campuses will be safe due to the advance security on the campus. 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Ewanchuck case I argue that the rape myths embedded within society prevent women from gaining justice withinRead MoreRape And Sexual Assault Of The United States1453 Words   |  6 Pagesrape as well as sexual assault over the years there Have been many definitions floating around. The most recent and most accurate definition For the two are very in depth for instance sexual assault id defined as any type of sexual contact Or a certain behavior that occurs without blatant consent. Crimes such as this involve (Forced Intercourse, forcible sodomy, child molestation, incest, fondling, and attempted rape). Rape is defined as unlawful intercourse or any other sexual penetration of theRead MoreSexual Assault Against Women During The United States1381 Words   |  6 Pages Sexual Assault Against Women in the United States Zoe Williams SOCY 100: Introduction to Sociology Montgomery College September 26, 2014 â€Æ' Violence against women has been ever-present throughout time and place in our world and in recorded history. Although violence against women encompasses a whole range of related acts, rape and sexual assault perpetrated against women is the focus of this paper. Men and boys are also victims of sexual assault, but the numbers of women who are sexualRead MoreThe Rape Of Sexual Violence1642 Words   |  7 Pagesdrinking or taking drugs†: these quotes about rape are few to the numerous myths that circulate society today. 1 out of every 6 American women has been sexually assaulted, yet this statistic is only from victims who come forward (Victims of Sexual Violence: Statistics†). The problem in America today is the â€Å"Rape Culture† in which we live. A Rape Culture is defined as a â€Å"rape prevalent society in which sexual violence is normalized and excused through pop culture and media† (â€Å"Southern Connecticut State

Semantic Change How Gay Became Homosexual - 1158 Words

Semantic Change Through back up questions I learnt that such semantic change was becoming more popular through the school; people see that if homosexuality has become more accepted into today’s society they have no need to put a label on homosexuality. Therefore the word gay is losing its original meaning and connection to the word homosexuality. School also plays another part in this because it is teenagers (school pupils) who have changed the meaning of the word gay, it was first seen as an insult. But the word has been so overused that it has lost its original meaning. In the majority of schools where pupils aged 15-18 and possibly even younger call each other gay it was here that the word gay was popularised with students first using it as an insult. Being gay was seen as being bad, so it picked up this derogative term but as time processed and the semantic change also, it transformed into having an overall meaning that something is stupid. An example of this would be that in my question naire I was given â€Å"school† as something which is gay. If we used the definition of a homosexual man this would make no sense but because of the semantic change this definition has completely changed meaning anything this person didn’t like could be gay. It is not just in school that the word gay had been used. Radio and television shows although rarely are using the word gay to define something which is lame or rubbish. One example is Chris Moyles, a former DJ on BBC Radio 1, heShow MoreRelatedThe Process of Some Semantic Changes in English Language2071 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Semantic Change leads with change on meaning of words, however this change does not occur overnight or all of a sudden. On the contrary, this is a slow process into language evolution and these differences are only realised as time goes by. There are many reasons to transformation and change over a word meaning. They can be adopted thanks to insertion of vocabulary from another language, by borrowing or even through popular usage of a word inside another context, resulting its differentiationRead MoreHomosexuality in Victorian and Elizabethan Literature.6608 Words   |  27 Pagesdescribed what happens when a homosexual male attempts to live double lives to cover up his true feelings, and entitled it The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The Elizabethan era, like the Victorian era, had its own view of homosexuality. Iago, a man with the tongue of a serpent, is believed to be homosexual, and because of his homosexuality, he brings to fruition the tragic deaths of the the main characters in Shakespeares Othello. These depictions of homosexuality and gay men are not far fromRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage and Religion: An Inappropriate Relationship8330 Words   |  34 PagesSame-Sex Marriage and Religion: An Inappropriate Relationship Brittney Baker Key words, names, terms, concepts: California s Proposition 8, Prop 8; morals legislation; same-sex marriage, gay marriage; religion, religion and politics; separation of church and state; police powers; equal citizenship, equality; 2008 election. Introduction and Thesis The debate over same-sex marriage has been a prominent issue in our society over many years now, appearing in several ballot initiatives such as California

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 961 Words

To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, is a story about a young girl named Louise â€Å"Scout† Finch and her older brother Jeremy (AKA Jem)’s life in the â€Å"tired old town† of Maycomb, Alabama during the Great Depression. The story starts off by Scout explaining the events that lead to her brother, Jem, breaking his arm. Scout and Jem lived with their father, Atticus Finch, a lawyer in Maycomb County, and their cook Calpurnia. Scout’s mother died when she was two, so she didn’t have much memory of her. One summer, when Scout was almost six-years-old and Jem almost ten, a boy, Charles â€Å"Dill† Baker Harris, comes to stay next door for the summer. All of the children become friends and have fun together by acting out different stories they had†¦show more content†¦After school one day, Scout is walking home and notices some tin-foil in the knothole of one of the Radley’s trees, she reaches in to find two pieces of chewing gum. On the last day of school, Jem and Scout found two pennies in the knothole of the same tree. After school ends for the year, Dill comes back for the summer. After becoming bored with all their normal games, Jem comes up with the game â€Å"Boo Radley,† where they all act out the Radley Family’s lives. Then one day the kids stuck a note on the Radley’s window using a fishing pole, asking Boo if he wanted to get ice cream with them. Atticus caught them and told Scout and Jem to leave the poor family alone, and they did, until Dill’s last day in Maycomb. On that day, Dill convinces the gang to sneak a peek into the Radley’s home. While trying to peer into the windows, Nathen Radley shoots at them and they run off. During the escape Jem lost his pants when they got caught on the fence. When Jem went to retrieve them the next day, they were mended and neatly hung over the fence. The next winter, Scout and Jem found more items in the knothole of the Radley’s tree. One day they went to the tree and the knothole was filled with cement. Soon after, one of the neighboring homes catches on fire. Jem starts to suspect that it was Boo that set the house on fire and tells his father everything about the gifts in the tree and his mended pants. Later,

Application Of A Computer Arrangement - 1481 Words

A computer arrangement is a accumulation of computer systems and added accretion accouterments accessories that are affiliated calm through advice channels to facilitate advice and resource-sharing a allotment of a advanced ambit of users. Networks are frequently categorized based on their characteristics. One of the ancient examples of a computer arrangement was a arrangement of communicating computers that functioned as allotment of the U.S. military s Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) alarm system. In 1969, the University of California at Los Angeles, the Stanford Research Institute, the University of California at Santa Barbara and the University of Utah were affiliated as allotment of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Arrangement (ARPANET) project. It is this arrangement that acquired to become what we now alarm the Internet. Networks are acclimated to: †¢ Facilitate advice via email, video conferencing, burning messaging, etc. †¢ Enable assorted users to allotment a individual accouterments accessory like a printer or scanner †¢ Enable book administration beyond the network †¢ Allow for the administration of software or operating programs on limited systems †¢ Make advice easier to admission and advance a allotment of arrangement users There are abounding types of networks, including: †¢ Local Area Networks (LAN) †¢ Personal Area Networks (PAN) †¢ Home Area Networks (HAN) †¢ Wide Area Networks (WAN) †¢ Campus Networks †¢ Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)Show MoreRelatedSwot Analysis for Mi1333 Words   |  6 Pagesin the wireless market.      Not a key player in the Internet space and few products for Internet applications.      Perceived by many as a cut-throat competitor that uses its dominant market position to marginalize competition by stealing/destroying the competition s products, stifling product innovation, and decreasing the availability of competitor products      Products have a single application focus and do not work well with or on-top of other penisroducts Opportunities Cheaper global telecommunicationRead MoreApplication Of A Computer Programmer907 Words   |  4 Pages Typically, Fujitsu seeking programmers received a bachelor s degree in computer science, and learning to write computer code and debug programs. Some people also need the relevant industry, it plans to enter the courses - finance and healthcare. Other students may get a liberal arts degree, majoring in business administration and perhaps computer science specialization. Job description: Computer programmer, any computer language of a typical day s work may involve the need to prepare their workRead MoreBuilding on Existing Network701 Words   |  3 PagesBuilding on Existing Network A client/server network connects the servers to client computers through routers, switches, and cables to route information to and from the network (Loza). It contains a main server that centrally manages the entire network with the other servers containing their own individual functions, such as email, printing, Web, or security, or zones, where the other servers manages all the functions for a particular area. 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We all use computers on a regular basis, but computers are capable of much more they can store biological information, gather this information, analyze and integrate genetic information as well (BioPlanet, 2015). All these things canRead MoreStorage Drives Stay The Only Archival Mass Data Storage Device Essay949 Words   |  4 Pages Currently, â€Å"hard storage drives stay the only archival mass data storage device in a computer. The first disk drive, called RAMAC (random access method of accounting and control), was established for the IBM 350 computer in 1957. Over the past decade, as the demands for digital data have exploded, the storage volume of HDDs has grown at a similar rate, if not faster. Today, a 3.5† HDD has a capacity of 500 GB, capable of storing nearly a thousand times more data than a HDD of the same size justRead MoreCyber Attacks And Its Effects On The Global Business Sector1270 Words   |  6 Pagesundertaking looks for an assortment of essential information which incorporates data with respect to basic base, innovation, Military limit and even business information. There are more types of cyber attacks:- Cracking: It is done for personal enmity Computer network attacks:- this helps to destroy or incapacitate network of the other person which is unknown that’s called Sabotage. Information warfare:- This is motivated by military or political dominance focusing on basic foundation, military resourcesRead MoreThe Analysis And Design Phase Of The Sdlc Of A Project1291 Words   |  6 Pagestypically executed according to a sound defined and complete sets of process known as methodologies. These methodologies comprise specific actions for the requirement analysis as well as the design of mutually the data and development sections of the arrangement. We initiate the development of the project through the primary phase or stage of SDLC which is an analysis of the requirements as well as specification of the requirements. The next is the design phase, which comprises of the low level and highRead MoreMultiview Methodolgy1324 Words   |  6 PagesI have to do? Human-computer Interface How will I work with the computer? What inputs and outputs are there? Database What data are involved? Database Maintenance How will I maintain the integrity of the data? Recovery What happens when it goes wrong? Monitoring Is the system performing to specification? Control How is security and privacy dealt with? What errors are detected? Information retrieval What information will I get? 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Globalisation Pros and Cons Free Essays

|[pic] |UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA | | |Assignment Cover Sheet – External | [pic] An Assignment cover sheet needs to be included with each assignment. Please complete all details clearly. Please check your Course Information Booklet or contact your School Office for assignment submission locations. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalisation Pros and Cons or any similar topic only for you Order Now ADDRESS DETAILS: Full name: |Stephen Andruchowycz | |Address: |25 Northumberland Street Tusmore | | | |Postcode: |5065 | If you are submitting the assignment on paper, please staple this sheet to the front of each assignment. If you are submitting the assignment online, please ensure this cover sheet is included at the start of your document. (This is preferable to a separate attachment. ) Student ID | |Course code and title: BUSS 5300 – Global Business Environment | |School: International Graduate School of Business |Program Code: DGMK | |Course Coordinator: You-il Lee |Tutor: You-il Lee | |Assignment number: 2 |Due date: 10 / 5 / 10 | |Assignment topic as stated in Course Information Booklet:Assessment 2: Individual Report | Further Information: (e. g. state if extension was granted and attach evidence of approval, Revised Submission Date) |   | I declare that the work contained in this assignment is my own, except where acknowledgement of sources is made. I authorise the University to test any work submitted by me, using text comparison software, for instances of plagiarism. I understand this will involve the University or its contractor copying my work and storing it on a database to be used in future to test work submitted by others. I understand that I can obtain further information on this matter at http://www. unisa. edu. au/ltu/students/study/integrity. asp Note: The attachment of this statement on any electronically submitted assignments will be deemed to have the same authority as a signed statement. |Signed: Stephen Andruchowycz |Date:9/5/10 | Date received from student |Assessment/grade |Assessed by: | | | | | | | | | |Recorded: |Dispatched (if applicable): | Globalisation is a force which brings an array of benefits and costs on a global scale, with developing countries generally bearing the majority of these costs. This essay will argue that while many of the benefits of lobalisation are felt around the globe, they are m ore beneficial to developed countries than third world countries. Likewise the negative consequences of globalisation are felt more heavily in third world countries than in developed countries. These benefits and cost are incurred on economic, political and socio-cultural levels. Many see globalisation as a primarily economic phenomenon, involving the increasing interaction, or integration, of national economic systems through the growth of international trade, investment, and capital flows. (Kirdar, 1992, p. 6) However, one can also point to a rapid increase in cross-border social, cultural, and technological exchange as part of the phenomenon of globalisation. Whether people fear globalisation or not, they cannot escape it. It is driven, above all, by the extraordinary changes in technology in recent years – especially computer and communications technology. For a society to achieve, it must use this technology to its advantage. To be able to do that, it must be globally engaged. As Alexander Downer said in his speech on harnessing globalisation power, â€Å"globalisation is an irreversible trend, it is not something that should be viewed as a juggernaut bearing down on the lives of ordinary Australians. † (Downer, 1998) The effects of such a phenomenon are widespread and felt in different ways by developed and developing countries There are many economic effects that result from globalisation that affect all nations on a global scale. Free trade is a phenomenon closely tied with globalisation. Countries remove their trade barriers, such as tariffs, so that all countries can begin to specialise in their most efficient production areas, resulting in maximum profit through global trade. Among the major industrial economies, sometimes referred to as the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, 65 percent of the total economic production, or GDP, is associated with international trade. Economists project that, in the U. S. , more than 50 percent of the new jobs created in this decade will be directly linked to the global economy. (Hopkins, 2002, p. 56). Certainly these figures show that globalisation is a major benefit to developed countries, but in many third world countries, it is argued that though jobs are being created, agricultural, subsistence jobs are being wiped out and replaced with ‘dollar per day’ multinational corporations, and further, that such corporations are merely widening the gap between the rich and poor. Critics of globalisation argue that despite the supposed benefits associated with free trade and investment, over the past hundred years or so the gap between the rich and poor nations of the world has gotten wider. In 1870, the average income per capita in the world’s 17 richest nations was 2. 4 times that of all other countries. In 1990, the same group was 4. 5 times as rich as the rest. Hill, 2010, p. 31) By the late 1990’s the fifth of the world’s people living in the highest income countries had 86% of world GDP, 82% of world export markets, 68% of foreign direct investmen t, and 74% of world telephone lines. The bottom fifth of the world’s people earned 1% for the first three categories and 1. 5% respectively. (Waters, 2002, pp. 3-4) Of course we must be wary that there are exceptions to this trend. China’s opening to world trade has bought it growth in income from $1460 a head in 1980 to almost $4500 in 2005, and in 1980, American’s earned 12. 5 times as much as the Chinese per capita, by 1999, they were only earning 7. times as much. (Evans, 2001, p. 80). Nonetheless there appear to be strong forces for stagnation among the world’s poorest nations as a result of globalisation. A quarter of the countries with GDP per capita of less than $1,000 in 1960 had growth rates of less than zero from 1960 to 1995, and a third have growth rates of less than 0. 05 percent. (Hill, 2009, p. 31) Market failure is another major issue that is common in western economies, and impacts on other countries rather than themselves. Market failur e is when those who are producing or consuming goods or services do not have to bear the full costs of their actions, such as the cost of pollution. Free trade encourages firms from advanced nations to move manufacturing facilities to less developed countries that lack adequate regulations to protect labour and the environment from abuse by the unscrupulous. (Dowling, Hill and Lieche, 2009, p. 31) This effectively means that transnational corporations are able to pollute third world nations and destroy their environment with minimal or no cost. Attempts to stem global pollution have been implemented such as the Kyoto Protocol, which sets binding emission targets for developed countries (Horton and Patapan, 2004, p. 86) but nonetheless, the majority of developed countries impact on developing countries in this way to some extent. In this regard it can again be seen that the benefits of globalisation on an economic level are skewed in favour of developed countries. However, this does not mean under-developed countries do not benefit at all. Another issue that arises for developing countries is that falling trade barriers allow firms to move manufacturing activities to countries where the wage rates are much lower. For example, Harwood Industries, a US clothing manufacturer closed its US Operations which paid wages of $9 per hour and shifted manufacturing to Honduras where textile workers received 48 cents per hour (Hill, 2009, p. 27) The majority of developing countries continue to experience falling levels of average income. Globally, from the late 1970s to the late 1990s, the average income of the lowest-income families fell by over 6 percent. By contrast, the average real income of the highest-income fifth of families increased by over 30 percent. (Hill, 2009, p. 28) However, it has been argued that while people in developed countries may regard this situation as exploitation, for many people in the developing world, working in a factory is a far better option than staying down on the farm and growing rice. (Stiglitz, 2002, p. 4) Nonetheless, it is a clear case of where the benefits of globalisation for developed countries far outweigh those that arise for developing countries. In fact the only clear indicator that suggests developing countries are benefitting from globalisation more-so than developed countries is in regards to their quality of life. There is evidence which shows that a number of developing countries have benefited from globalisation, and this is supported by quality of life statistics. Through globalisation, many people in the world now live longer than before and the standard of living is far better. Further, per capita GDP growth in the post-1980 globalisers accelerated from 1. 4 percent a year in the 1960s and 2. 9 percent a year in the 1970s to 3. 5 percent in the 1980s and 5. 0 percent in the 1990s. (Dollar and Kraay, 2001, p. 1) The non-globalising developing countries have done much worse than this, with annual growth rates falling from highs of 3. 3 percent during the 1970s to only 1. 4 percent during the 1990s. Indeed, throughout the 1990’s till today, eighteen of the twenty-four globalising developing countries have experienced growth, many of them, quite substantially. (NA, 2004, p. 236) However, the growth most have experienced is minimal in comparison the growth being experienced by developed countries. Certainly there are ways in which globalisation does bring benefits to developing countries on an economic level. However, overall it is clear that the benefits are felt more heavily in developed countries and the costs are felt more heavily in developing countries. This is much the same case when regarding the social and cultural effects of globalisation. Globalisation opens people’s lives to culture and to all its creativity – and the flow of ideas and knowledge. Although the spread of ideas and images enriches the world, there is a risk of reducing cultural concerns to protecting what can be bought and sold, neglecting community, custom and tradition. (Hirst Thompson, 1996, p. 256) it is widely asserted, and indeed frequently taken for granted, that we live in a ‘global’ village where national cultures and boundaries are dissolving, we consume ‘global’ brands, corporations have to be competitive in a ‘global’ market place and governments have to be responsive to the needs of the ‘global’ economy. In any case, globalisation produces a tension between sameness and difference, between the universal and the particular, and between cultural homogenisation and cultural heterogenisation (Subhabrata Linstead, 2001, p. 684) Americanisation is a major example of such cultural homogenisation, acting in many ways which destroy global culture. Globalisation has increased transmission of popular culture easily and inexpensively from the developed countries of the North throughout the world. Consequently, despite efforts of nationally-based media to develop local television, movie, and video programs, many media markets in countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are saturated with productions from the U. S. Europe and a few countries in Asia. (Tomlinson, 1999, p. 98). Local critics of this trend lament not only the resulting silencing of domestic cultural expression, but also the hegemonic reach of Western culture and the potential global homogenisation of values and cultural taste. ( NA, 2005, p. 1) A report by the UN Educational, Scientific and cultural Organisation showed that the world trade in goods with cultural content almost tripled between 1980 and 1991: from 67 billion dollars to 200 billion dollars. (Akulenko, 2008, p. 1) At the core of the entertainment industry – film, music and television – there is a growing dominance of US products. The World Trade Organisation rules do not allow countries to block imports on cultural grounds, which means there is nothing standing in the way of Western culture overtaking and eradicating the cultures of developing countries. It is argued that this could mean the end of cultural diversity, and the triumph of a uni-polar culture serving the needs of transnational corporations (Tomlinson, 1999, p. 134). Clearly globalisation is benefitting developed countries by allowing them to spread their culture and influence on a global scale. However, for developing countries, their culture is in many ways being eroded and replaced with the typical Western culture. However, supporters of globalisation argue that it does not make sense to talk of a world of 6 billion people becoming a monoculture. The spread of globalisation will undoubtedly bring changes to the countries it reaches, but change is an essential part of life. It must also be noted that globalisation is not all one-way traffic. Global products are absorbed into and change western life – including such phenomena as Latinisation and Japanisation. (Hopper, 2007, p. 82) Similarly many of the arts and foods from developing cultures have become ingrained into Western society, presenting opportunities for developing countries to increase their cultural exporting. For example, curry, an Indian cuisine has become a global food eaten world-wide. However, Americanisation is a far greater cultural force which brings many benefits to Western countries. The impact of developing countries cultures is far smaller and there is the risk that Westernisation could lead to the destruction of the cultures of a number of developing countries. Another effect of globalisation is a global improvement in communications and technology. On the one hand, the electronic revolution has promoted the diversification of information as people in nearly every country are able to communicate their opinions and perspectives on issues, local and global, that impact their lives. (NA, 2005, p. ) Political groups from Chiapas to Pakistan have effectively used information technology to promote their perspectives and movements. On the other hand, this expansion of information technology has been highly uneven, creating an international â€Å"digital divide† in such things as differences in access to and skills to use the internet. (NA, 2005, p. 1) Often, access to information technology and to telephone lines in many developing countries is controlled by the state or is available only to a small minority who can afford them. (Hoogvelt A, 1997, p. 46) Thus, it can be seen that the technological benefits of globalisation are also being felt much more by developed countries than developing countries. This is the same case when regarding the effects of globalisation on a political level One of the biggest political issues surrounding globalisation, which particularly impacts on developing countries, is that many sovereign countries have lost control of their economies and that such control has shifted to more powerful countries, multinational firms, and international financial institutions. The logic of this concern suggests that national sovereignty has progressively and systematically been undermined by globalisation, leading to growing cynicism among political elites and their citizenries, especially among poor developing countries. (Pere, 2010, p. ) Critics argue that today’s increasingly interdependent global economy shifts economic power away from national governments and toward supranational organisations such as the WTO, the EU and the UN. Unelected bureaucrats now impose policies of the democratically elected governments of nation-states, thereby undermining the so vereignty of those states and limiting the nation’s ability to control its own destiny. (Hill, 2009, p. 30). Globalisation has seen state power decline as transnational processes grow in scale and number. The power of TNC’s, with annual budgets greater than that of many states, and is the most visible sign of this change. As economic and political life becomes more complex, many traditional functions of state are transferred to global and regional international organisations. (Gupta, 1997, p. 6) In this environment, developing countries are losing their influence on a national and global scale towards organisations largely controlled by developed countries. In this way, it is again clear that developed countries benefit from globalisation more so than developing countries. However, if these supranational organisations turn their focus more towards aiding developing countries, a number of benefits could result. At the international level, supranational organisations suc h as the World Bank and IMF must pay more attention to the reality that globalisation has generated extremes of inequality of assets and income across the spectrum of developing countries. (Gupta, 1997, p. 06) International lending and grants could be more explicitly focused on cutting subsidies that benefit the rich, on encouraging and financing market-related land reform, and most importantly providing investment and policy advice for effective public education. There is also a need for developed countries of the OECD to thoroughly review their neo-mercantilist trade policies. (Pere, 2010, p. 1) There is enough empirical evidence to show that protection of agriculture and textiles discriminate against the poor of developing countries. The poor and vulnerable in developing countries could also benefit from international financing of countercyclical safety net programmes, subject to certain conditions. These would include a solid record of sound fiscal policy; the political capacity to undertake such programmes free of corruption; and a long-term fiscal capacity to service any debt that might be incurred. (Pere, 2010, p. 1) If these policies were instated, developing countries would benefit from globalisation in ways that match or exceed the political benefits that developed countries receive as a result of globalisation. Clearly globalisation is a force which brings an array of benefits and costs on a global scale. However, it is also clear that developing countries are, in many cases, bearing the majority of these costs while developed countries are feeling the majority of the benefits. While there are a number of economic, socio-cultural and political actions which could be taken to ensure developing countries benefit from globalisation to a similar extent to developed countries, as it stands, there can be no denying that globalisation is a force which favours developed countries over developing countries. Bibliography: Akulenko. E, 2008, Cultural Aspects of Globalization, Accessed 5 May 2010, http://emiliaakulenko. wordpress. com/2008/10/22/cultural-aspects-of-globalization/ Dollar. D and Kraay. A, 2001, Trade Growth and Poverty, Accessed 5 May 2010, http://www. imf. org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2001/09/dollar. htm Dowling. P, Hill. C and Liesch. D, 2009, International Business, Mc-Graw Hill, New York Downer. A, 1998, Annual Trade Lecture by the Minister for Foreign Affairs: Harnessing Globalisation’s Power, Accessed 5 May 2010, Evans T, 2001, The politics of human rights: a global perspective, Pluto Press, London Gupta. S, 1997, The Political Economy of Globalization, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Massachusetts Hill. C, 2009, International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace, Mc-Graw Hill International, New York Hoogvelt At, 1997, Globalisation and the Postcolonial World: The New Political Economy of Development, Macmillan Press Ltd, London Hopkins A. G. , 2002, Globalization in World History, Pimlico, London Hopper. P, 2007, Understanding Cultural Globalization, Polity Press, Cambridge Horton. K and Patapan. H, 2004, Globalisation and Equality, Routledge, London Kirdar U, 1992, Change: Threat or Opportunity: Economic Change, United Nations Publications, New York. Linstead S Subhabrata B, 2001, Globalization, Multiculturalism and other Fictions: Colonialism for the new Millennium, RMIT University, Melbourne N. A, 2004, The Globalisation Debate, The Spinney Press, Thirroul NSW 2515, Australia N. A, 2005, Introduction to Globalization – After September 11, Social Science Research Council, Accessed 5 May 2010, Pere. G, 2010, The Positive and Negative Consequences of Globalisation, Institute for Global Dialogue, Midrand. Stiglitz, J, 2002, Globalization and its Discontents, Routledge, Allen Lane, London Tomlinson. J, 1999, Globalization and Culture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago Waters M, 2002, Globalization, 2nd Edition, Routledge, Fetter Lane, London How to cite Globalisation Pros and Cons, Papers

Klan of terror Essay Example For Students

Klan of terror Essay Klan of TerrorThe Klan of Terror Over the years many people has created groups to support their beliefs. These groups allow people with the same ideas to gather together and work out plans to advance their ideas (chalmers, p.1). All of the groups that have been established have not necessarily gained a positive image from the public (chalmers p.1). One example is the Ku Klux Klan. The Ku Klux Klan originated over one hundred years ago and has gone through many eras and changes since its beginning (chalmers p.2). Although many people know the Ku Klux Klan exists, they do not understand its purpose or how it has changed throughout its life. After the Civil War ended, the Southern states went through a time known as Reconstruction (chalmers, p.2). Ex-Confederate soldiers had returned home now, and they were still upset about the outcome of the war (chalmers p.2). It is at this point in time that the Ku Klux Klan became a part of everyday life for many Southerners. In the beginning the K u Klux Klan was started to be a way for people who had the same views to spend time together (Chalmers p.4). The original members meant of the Ku Klux Klan to be a hilarious social club that would be full of aimless fun (chalmers, p.9), though in later years the Ku Klux Klan became known for their violence against people outside the white race and people who associated with them (chalmers p.9). Contrary to what most people believe, the Ku Klux Klan was started because of a few people wanted to have some innocent fun, not because they were intending to start a chain of violence on anyone outside the white race (Chalmers, p.11). The Ku Klux Klan began in Pulaski, Tennessee, a small town south of Nashville (Chalmers, p.12). On the night of December 24, 1865 six ex-confederate soldiers were sitting around a fireplace it the law office of Judge Thomas M. Jones (Chalmers, p.15). These six friends were having a discussion and were trying to come up with an idea to cheer them up. One of the men suggested that they should start a club and the rest of the men agreed with the idea. After discussing the mew idea, the men decided to meet again and retired for the night (chalmers p.28). The second meeting was again at Judge Thomas M. Jones law office and was attended by the same six men. During this meeting the group decided it needs a name. After many hours of deliberating they decided on the name derived from the Greek word kuklos, meaning circle Ku Klux. (Chalmers, p.31) The group later added Klan to the word to make the phrase complete. At this time the group decided what to call the different ranks of the members, starting with the leader, the Grand Cyclops, all the way down to the ghouls, or members of no rank (Chalmers, p.35). When the men had finished organizing, they were overjoyed about their group, and they decided to show everyone their creation. The members wrapped themselves and their horses in sheet and rode through the small town and terrified everyone, espe cially Negroes(Chalmers, p.45). No doubt, this is the harmless little club that later would be taken to extremes by its members. Admittedly, the Ku Klux Klan did become out of control in later years, but when it was first created it had no specific meaning; it was a way just to have fun. After the members saw the effect the groups appearance had on people, they began to use the results to their advantage. Because the Klan resembled ghost, many of the citizens of Pulaski believed them to be dead soldiers of the Confederate Army when they saw them riding on their horses through the small town (Chalmers, p.50). While Negroes were busy avoiding the Ku Klux Klan, its purpose changed. The Ku Klux Klan began aiming its violent actions toward Negroes, Jews, Orientals, and various other members of society that did not belong to the white race (Chalmers, p.58). Although violence was already occurring against non-whites before the organization of the Ku Klux Klan, the Klan used this fact as a way to keep their enemies under control (chalmers, p.58). No one denies that the Ku Klux Klan became a brutal force over the years, but the fact remains that violence was not the reason the group was founded. It is true that all groups and club must go through changes, but many changes of the changes that the Ku Klux Klan endured were not necessarily the best for everyone (Chalmers p.59). Shortly after the Ku Klux Klans first ride, its members began to cause a major impact on society. Many members decided that the Klan could be used as a way of discrimination. Many members also saw the Ku Klux Klan as a way for the South to regain control and keep the Northern folk out (Chalmers, p.75). Another reason the Ku Klux Klan changed is that members broke off from the original den and created their own dens. At this point in time any roughouser could join the Ku Klux Klan for only ten dollars (Chalmers, p.83). By 1879 the membership of the Ku Klux Klan had exceeded eighty-five thousand memb ers. Many people believe this is the point when the Ku Klux Klan became uncontrollable and its ramifications engulfed the entire nation. Visitors to the town of Pulaski also inspired the growth of the Ku Klux Klan. These visitors went back home after their trips and began setting up their own dens and branches of the Ku Klux Klan (Chalmers, p.85). More than a dozen hundred groups were set up during this period. All of these groups were deeply entrenched in the Southern states. Though the growth of the Klan was steady, it was undirected and undisciplined causing many of the dens to become violent and unruly (Chalmers, p.90). The Ku Klux Klan had a great deal of external help in outgrowing the small town of Pulaski. Newspaper and magazine articles added fuel by publishing propaganda and stories about the mysterious order that had taken over the south (chalmers, p.95). Indeed the Ku Klux Klan had surpassed the expectations of the original members. Members of the Ku Klux Klan saw the gr eat increase in growth of the group and decided to have a national convention to help maintain order within the group (Chalmers, p.98). The Ku Klux Klan National Convention was held in April of 1867 at the Maxwell House Hotel in Nashville, Tennessee. (Chalmers, p.100) Here the Grand Cyclops from all the dens met to discuss and set the general guidelines for the Ku Klux Klans different dens across the United States, and the group also set specific rules for members (Chalmers, p.103). Also at the convention the group drafted and approved a constitution so everyone would be aware of the groups rules and regulations. It was at this meeting the Ku Klux Klan decided to appoint a Grand Wizard to head and control all of the dens of the Klan across the United States. General Nathan Bedford Forrest was the groups choice for the position and he gladly accepted (chalmers, p.105). Under the command of General Forrest the Ku Klux Klan became a greater voice in society than it had ever been. Since their new leader was in place, the final objective of the convention was reached by creating an official symbol of the Ku Klux Klan. The symbol is a cross with a drop of blood (representing the blood of Jesus Christ) within a circle. This symbol was meant to represent to totality of the White race (Chalmers, p.110). Admittedly, the Ku Klux Klan still had problems, but after their national convention may of its activities were more effective and organized. Almost every group that has ever come about has had its problems and the Ku Klux Klan was no exception. As with any controversial group, the public asked the government for assistance in disposing of this violent organization (Chalmers, p.120). The Ku Klux Klan had become soft in enforcing its policies and this deficiency allowed its members to cause chaos throughout the Southern states (Chalmers, P.119). Because many of the police supported the Ku Klux Klan movement, may incidents occur and no investigation ever followed. The Ku Klux Klan was finally slowed when the Federal Bureau of Investigation stepped in and became involved in reducing the power of the group (Chalmers, p.125). The major reason many incidents took place is that many ex-confederate soldiers had begun organizing their own dens. The hatred of blacks was the main reason that many people decided to join the Ku Klux Klan movement. Certainly, if the Ku Klux Klan had held to its original goals and purposes, it could have avoided many problems and negative publicity it began to have in later years (Chalmers, p.130). As the Ku Klux Klans membership grew, it obtained a wide range of enrollees. The Ku Klux Klan had members from all social classes. Not all of the members joined to cause trouble; many joined to keep from being victims. Ku Klux Klan members admitted that they were a rough bunch of boys and a ten-dollar joining fee had allowed anyone to join; no person was responsible for monitoring motives for joining. For instance many politicians had joined just so they would have the help of the Ku Klux Klan in campaigning for the election (Chalmers, p.138). General Forrest tried to be strict on membership requirements, but his objective failed. As the Ku Klux Klan began to branch out, the rules seemed to be forgotten. The spurt in growth of membership was soon disrupted, and just before the 1900s the Ku Klux Klan broke apart and would not officially come back until the year 1915(Chalmers, p.143). The Ku Klux Klan never hit any significant growth period again until the 1950s when the civil rights movement causes a large increase in membership of the group. Even though the Ku Klux Klan dwindled in membership, it never died in the eyes of the people who truly believed in it (chalmers, p.144). The Ku Klux Klan has not drastically changed since the origination of the group. The Ku Klux Klan today is an institution of chivalry, humanity, mercy, and patriotism that are all characteristics of the original Klan (Chalmers, p.150). Also , the Ku Klux Klan is dedicated as preserving the maintenance of White Pride and the rights of the White Race, which was also a goal of the original founders. (Chalmers p.155) The activities of the modern Ku Klux Klan vary from den to den depending on the inclination of its members. Some dens of the Ku Klux Klan tend to use more violence to express their viewpoint than other dens. Some groups use threats, arson, and other forms of violence to force their ideas on modern society, while others choose just to march and protest opposing views (Chalmers, p.156-157). Regardless of the activities each den decides to participate in, the main goal of the Ku Klux Klan today is the progression of the White race and it is the same goal the original founders focused on (Chalmers, p.158). The main characteristic of the Ku Klux Klan throughout the years has been the group is a gathering of white Christian men and women who have joined together because of a common bond they share by blood and faith (Chalmers p.160). This is what the original founders intended the group to become has achieved this goal. Even though the Ku Klux Klan is sometimes looked upon as a hate group, the characteristics of the group are a positive for society (Chalmer, p.164). Since the late 1980s the Ku Klux Klans membership has gone through a major decline. Statistics show that the Ku Klux Klans memberships have dropped to about five thousand compared to about forty-two thousand during the 1960s (Chalmers, p.170). Many of the members have changed from their white robes to three-piece suits. People like David Duke, the Grand Wizard of the Klan during the 1970s and 1980s, have changed the image of the group. Many head officials of the Klan now hold political offices and have other important roles in the nations government (Chalmers, p.180). At this point in time no single organization of the Ku Klux Klan is in existence. The Klan has splintered into several independent groups. Since the Ku Klux Klan has broken up into many groups, no one knows the exact number of members of the Klan or its affiliated groups (Chalmers, p.182). Although the Ku Klux Klans members have changed their appearance and the membership has declined, no one can deny that the Klan is still a major influence on society. Due to some changes in the Ku Klux Klan, the organization now has new objectives( Chalmers, p.185). Leaders of the Klan now say they work to replace the collapsed society and push for the advancement of the White Race. Other objectives of the Klan are to start focusing on he family again and to close the United States borders to stop immigration. (Chalmers, p.190) The Klan also intends on stopping abortion, reverse discrimination, and welfare for those who do not need it. (Chalmers p.191) The most important objectives of the Klan today are to outlaw homosexuality and inter-racial marriages (Chalmers, p.195). They attribute the imminent down fall of modern society to these two problems. The Ku Klu x Klan agrees that everyone should be proud of their race, which means White people have the right to be proud also (Chalmers, p.200). Therefore, the Ku Klux Klan reasons that all anti-white policies should be discarded and people be hired, promoted, and given scholarships according to their ability not for any other reason (Chalmers, p.205). Any new members of the Ku Klux Klan have to take a pledge not to commit any crime against anyone (Chalmers, p.209). The Ku Klux Klans motto printed on propaganda is Not for self-But for others; this is the main focus of the Klan today (Chalmers, p.210). The book Hooded Americanism was an okay book except the author had some racist views but he has the right to say whatever he wants. The Ku Klux Klan is like any other street gang just much bigger, they get my respect cause they stand up for what they believe in and do whatever is necessary to maintain that cause. But if any of them starts talking trash about me, hes going to get a beat down (sir , sorry about this just felt like saying this).BIBLIOGRAPHY Chalmers, David M. Hooded Americanism. Coleman Art Museum Case Essay

Water On The Moon Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Water On The Moon Essay, Research Paper Abstract The Pentagon announced on December 3rd, 1996 that dataacquired by the Clementine ballistic capsule indicates that thereis ice in the underside of a crater on the Moon. Located onthe Moon # 8217 ; s South Pole it was discovered with radio detection and ranging informations. Introduction # 8220 ; The Deep Space Program Science Experiment ( DSPSE ) , thefirst of a series of Clementine engineering demonstrationsjointly sponsored by the Ballistic Missile DefenseOrganization ( BMDO ) and the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration ( NASA ) , launched in early 1994. It # 8217 ; sprinciple aim is to infinite measure up lightweight imagingsensors and constituent engineerings for the following generationof Department of Defense ( DoD ) spacecraft. # 8221 ; ( Sweeney, 1998 ) The Clementine mission uses the Moon, a neat-Earth asteroid, and the ballistic capsule # 8217 ; s Interstage Adapter ( ISA ) as marks todemonstrate lightweight constituent and detector public presentation . As a secondary mission, Clementine returns valuable informations ofinterest to the international civilian scientific sector. It represents a new category of little, low cost, and highlycapable ballistic capsule that to the full embrace emerging lightweighttechnologies to enable a series of long continuance deep spacemissions. We will write a custom essay sample on Water On The Moon Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Background: The Clementine Spacecraft: The BDMO assignedresponsibility for the Clementine ballistic capsule design, industry, integrating, and mission executing to the NavalResearch Laboratory ( NRL ) . Clementine launched on a TitanIIG expendable launch vehicle from Vandenburg Air Force Baseinto Low Earth Orbit in January 1994. During its two monthorbit of the Moon it captured 1.8 million images of theMoons surface. The Lunar Prospector: After the find of thepossibility of H2O on the Moon, plans such as NASA andDSPSE began work on an extended undertaking called the LunarProspector. The Lunar Prospector is designed for low polarorbit probe of the Moon, including mapping ofsurface composing and possible polar ice sedimentations, measurings of magnetic and gravitation Fieldss, and survey oflunar outgassing events. Datas from the 1 to 3 twelvemonth missionwill allow building of a elaborate map of the surfacecomposition of the Moon, and will better our understandingof the beginning, dev elopment, current province, and resources ofthe Moon. The ballistic capsule is a graphite-epoxy membranophone, 1.4meters in diameter and 1.22 metres high with three radialinstrument roars. There is no on-board computing machine, groundcommand is through a 3.6 kbps ( kilo bytes per second ) telemetry nexus. Entire mission cost is about $ 63 million. After launch, the Lunar Prospector had a 105 sail to theMoon, followed by interpolation into a near-circular 100 kmaltitude lunar polar orbit with a period of 118 proceedingss. The nominal mission continuance is one twelvemonth. A two yearextended mission following this is possible, during whichthe orbit will be lowered to 50km and so 10km height toobtain higher declaration measurings. On March 5th, 1998: On March 5th, 1998, it was announced that informations returnedby the Lunar Prospector ballistic capsule indicated that H2O iceis nowadays at both north and south lunar poles, in agreementwith Clementine consequences for the south pole r eported inNovember 1996. The ice originally appeared to be assorted inwith the lunar regolith ( surface stones, dirt and dust ) atlow concentrations cautiously estimated at 0.3 to 1percent. The ice was thought to be spread over 10,000 to50,000 square kilometres of country near the north pole and5,000 to 20,000 square kilometres around the south pole, butthe latest consequences show the H2O may be concentrated inlocalized countries instead than being spread out over theselarge parts. The estimated entire volume of ice is 6trillion kilogram. Uncertainties in the theoretical accounts mean this estimatecould be off well. How was the ice detected: The Lunar Prospector, a NASADiscovery mission, included a experiment called the NeutronSpectrometer. This experiment is designed to observe minuteamounts of H2O ice at a degree less than 0.01 % . Theinstrument concentrated on countries near the lunar poles whereit was thought these H2O ice sedimentations might be found. The Neutron Spectrometer looks for alleged # 8220 ; decelerate # 8221 ; ( or thermal ) and # 8220 ; intermediate # 8221 ; ( or epithermal neutrons ) which resultfrom hits of normal # 8220 ; fast† neutrons with hydrogenatoms. A significant amount of hydrogen would indicate theexistence of water. The data showed a distinctive 4.6percent signature over the north polar region and a 3.0percent signature over the south, a strong indication thatwater is present in both these areas. How can ice survive on the moon: The moon has no atmosphere, any substance on the lunarsurface is exposed directly to vacuum. For water ice, thismeans it will rapidly sublime directly into water vapor andescape into space, as the Moon’s low gravity cannot hold gasfor any appreciable time. Over the course of a lunar day(29 Earth days), all regions of the moon are exposed tosunlight, and the temperature of the moon in direct sunlightreaches about 395 degrees K (or 250 degrees above F). Soany ice exposed to sunlight for even a short time would belost. The only way for ice to exist on the Moon would be ina permanently shadowed area. The Clementine imaging experiment showed that suchperman ently shadowed areas do exist in the bottom of deepcrater near the Moon’s south pole. In fact, it appears thatapproximately 6000 to 15,000 square km of area around thesouth pole is permanently shadowed. Much of the area aroundthe south pole is within the South Pole-Aitken Basin (shownabove with large arrow pointing to it), a giant impactcrater 2500km in diameter and 12 km deep at its lowestpoint. Any water ice at the bottom of the craters couldprobably exist for billions of years. Where did the ice come from: The Moon’s surface is continuously bombarded bymeteorites and micrometeorites. Many, if not most, of theseimpactors contain water ice, and the lunar craters show thatmany of these were very large objects. Any ice whichsurvived impact would be scattered over the lunar surface. Most would quickly vaporize by sunlight and lost to space,but some would end up inside the permanently shadowedcraters, either by directly entering the crater or migratingover the surface as randomly moving individual moleculeswhich would reach the craters and freeze there. Once insidethe crater, the ice would be relatively stable, so over timethe ice would collect these â€Å"cold traps†, and be buried tosome extent by meteoritic gardening. Such a possibility wassuggested as early as 1961 (Watson, 1961). However, loss ofice due to photodissociation, solar wind sputtering, andmicrometeoroid gardening is not well quantified (Arnold,1996).Discussion and Summary:Is there any other evidence for ice? Arecibo regions seem to indicate that water ice is the mostlikely possibility. However, Arecibo radio telescopestudies using the same radio frequency as Clementine showedsimilar reflection patterns from areas which are notpermanently shadowed. These reflections have beeninterpreted as being due to rough surfaces, and it wassuggested that the Clementine results may have been due toroughness, rather than water ice, as well. Why is ice on the Moon important: This ice could r epresent relatively pristine cometaryor asteroid material which has existed on the Moon formillions or billions of years. A robotic sample returnmission should bring ice back to Earth for study, perhapsfollowed by a human mission for more detailed sampling. Thesimple fact that the ice is there will help scientistconstrain models of impacts on the lunar surface and theeffects of meteorite gardening, photodissociation, and solarwind sputtering on the Moon. Beyond the scientificallyintriguing aspects, deposits of ice on the Moon would havemany practical aspects for future manned lunar exploration. There is no source of water on the Moon, and shipping waterto the Moon for use by humans would be extremely expensive($2,000 to $20,000 per kg). The lunar water could alsoserve as a source of oxygen, another vital material notreadily found on the Moon, and hydrogen, which could be usedas rocket fuel. Paul Spudis, one of the scientist who tookpart in the Clementine study, referred to the lunar icedeposits as possibly â€Å"the most valuable piece of real estatein the solar system†. It appears that in addition to thepermanently shadowed areas there are some higher areas suchas crater rims which are permanently exposed to sunlight andcould serve as a source of power for future missions.

How to Write a Sample Conclusion of an Essay on Belief

How to Write a Sample Conclusion of an Essay on BeliefThe sample conclusion of an essay on belief is primarily used to teach students the steps in an essay to consider before submitting. It is generally not used for a finishing project, although a student who has submitted a final work should review it before returning it to the instructor. A student should never make changes to the sample conclusion after submission. If a student wishes to make modifications to it, a review copy is offered to the student before submitting.The work that the student needs to follow before submission includes understanding the purpose of the essay. The student needs to understand that the first step in writing an essay is to write a statement of purpose. The statement of purpose should include what the student hopes to accomplish by completing the essay.The statement of purpose should also list reasons why the student intends to use the essay. The student can then work backward to determine how the ess ay can be presented to other people. The student should examine the following sections of the sample conclusion of an essay on belief:Based on the purpose and reasons for writing the essay, the student can then begin the writing process. At this point, the student is more familiar with essay writing and is able to create the necessary structure needed to compose the piece. However, it is not necessary for the student to begin writing immediately.The student's essay should be compiled as a draft copy of the essay. The student should then complete the assignment by using the grammar check function to ensure that the essay is grammatically correct. The essay should then be read aloud.The student is not required to immediately read their completed final work to the instructor. When reading the completed work, the student should consider the opinions expressed in the essay. Ifthe essay reflects opinions contrary to those of the author, the student should rewrite the essay in accordance w ith the author's point of view. The student should then follow the guidelines for editing listed in the essay guidelines.When the student reads the sample conclusion of an essay on belief, they should be able to identify and resolve any issues that are raised during the process. A student who has struggled with assignments before should review the sample conclusion of an essay on belief to identify how to resolve problems. If the student cannot resolve the issue, the student should read it again and re-write the essay so that it contains a new solution for the problem.In addition to the sample conclusion of an essay on belief, the student may also need to do the following before submitting the assignment: set up a list of activities that must be completed prior to submission, print out the paper, send the assignment via email, print out the paper and fax it to the instructor, and submit the paper. Students should not mail the assignment without a working envelope because it may not be received by the instructor. Once the assignment is received, the student can submit the assignment and the student should make sure to carefully review it before submission.

The Judgment by Fraz Kafka Essays

The Judgment by Fraz Kafka Essays The Judgment by Fraz Kafka Paper The Judgment by Fraz Kafka Paper The story The Judgment, written by Franz Kafka was said to be one of his breakthrough stories that sparked his story writing career. While most of Kafka’s stories were thought to be closely related to certain aspects of his life, The Judgment is thought to closely represent the conflicting relationship between Kafka and his father and the turmoil that Kafka experienced growing up as a result of his crude-minded father. This relationship that Kafka had with his own father is reflected in The Judgment, a story between a young man named Georg Bendemann and his father Bendemann senior. Bendemann senior appears to be a very controlling and business orientated person who has spent most of his life working to build his business and taking care of his wife and son. After the death of his wife, Bendemann senior admits that things are not the same as they use to be. His health is deteriorating and he has left his business, which he was highly devoted to before to his son Georg Bendemann. George is a young middle aged man who is in the midsts of taking over his father’s business and has taken to watching over his father because of his deteriorating health. While Georg has plenty to look forward to; a booming business, a new fiance and moving into a new home, a strange feeling comes over him when he is writing to announce his engagement to a long time friend who has moved to St. Petersburg Russia. This uncanny feeling that presides over him is one that he is unsure of how to go about, thus he goes to his father for advice on what to say to his friend who has not been doing as well as Georg has. The scene that occurs in Bendemann’s senior’s room on a random Sunday morning is reflective of the relationship that Georg and his father have created since childhood . Depending how interpreted- either from the father’s side or the son’s side- can help understand what influenced Georg’s actions after his father condemns him to death. The reactions from both the father and son and the conflict between the two is a result of an inferiority complex Georg has attained as a result of the way Bendemann senior has treated Georg from a young age. The ultimate affect that this father and son have on each other are exposed on that day, which ends in George committing suicide The specific instances that occur when Georg goes to see his father in his dark room can be seen as a power struggle between father and son. When Georg first enters his father’s room he tells his father that he has written a letter to announce his engagement to his friend in St. Petersburg but is unsure of whether or not he will send it to his friend in consideration for his feelings. Bendemann senior becomes frustrated and tells Georg that since his mother’s death things have not been the same, and then goes on to criticize Georg in many aspects of his life. From his choice in bride to how he been a coward towards his friend in Russia and not kept him updated about what is going on in his life, admitting that he has been writing to his friend to keep him updated. From Bendmanns seniors point of view Georg has never fully be able to grow up and make decisions on his own, hence why he comes to his father for his approval before he sends the letter. Further supporting Bendmann senior’s perception of his son is the fact that he has been keeping in touch with his friend from Russia. Writing him letters and keeping him up to date about matters at home, knowing or rather believing that his son is incapable of doing so. Throughout this whole scene Georg is trying his best to comply and deal with his aging father. When Georg tries to tuck his father into bed he resists and says that he is trying to smother him. When looking at this situation from Bendemanns senior’s point of view it is as if he believes his son has not grown into an adult and has escaped from the reality of growing up, claiming that â€Å"How long you hesitated before your time was ripe. Mother has to die; she couldn’t love until that happy day! † (Pg 9). He believes his son is incapable of taking over his business that he worked so hard to build, further criticizing his choice in his fiance calling her a floozy. An explanation for Bendmenns senior’s reactions could be one of two things. Either Georg’s father is having a hard time accepting the fact that his son is growing up and essentially taking over his business and the position that he once had. Or that he has always been resentful towards Georg since childhood, treating him poorly and when his wife passes it is even more apparent. Either explanation would do justice when understanding how Bendemenn senior has affected Georg’s development and how his treatment of his son throughout his how life has manifested into a negative, almost weak aspect of Georg’s personality when he is an adult. The relationship that Georg and his father have is an interesting relationship because of the affect that the two have on each other. While Georg highly aggravates his father, because of his belief that his son being incapable of doing the right thing, this in turn creates a sense of guilt in Georg. A sense of guilt which surfaces later in his life when he is trying to become a man, get married, and have business. Georg’s feelings manifest later in life though suffering, insecurity, and eventually death. What Georg should do is grow up and stand firm to his father that he is taking over the business and that he needs to stay out of his relationship with his friend in Russia and keeps his opinions about his wife to himself. Unfortunately certain aspects of this father son relationship have developed into Georg’s feelings of inferiority, which have been this way for a while make it difficult for Georg to stand up to his father let alone talk to him. Those who experience feelings of inferiority are believe that it can sometimes start from childhood, weather they were not loved enough or were always degraded from their parental figures growing up. As a result Georg feels the need to seek his father’s approval in menial matters such as whether or not he should send this letter. It is interesting how Georg reacts to his father who constantly believes he is incapable of making his own decisions. From Georg’s point of view he believes that he must help his aging father, take over the business and have a wife because that is what is expected from him. Georg is kind to his father, tucks him in, asks for his opinion on matters he sees important and was even willing to let him move in with them after his marriage. Although his actions are subconscious to Georg himself, these actions are coming from a place where Georg feels the need to gain approval from his father. These feelings of approval steam from his father’s treatment of him as a child. Another result of this complex would be the need to overcompensate which he is doing so by taking care of his sick father and putting up with his aggressive and hurtful words. Georg is even going as far as letting his father live with him and his fiance so he is not alone. The fact that Georg has taken to not being honest with his â€Å"good friend† in St. Petersburg further supports how his feelings of inadequacy have caused him to retreat from reality and display almost anti social behaviors. Although the Judgment is a short story a lot can be implied from this psychological mind-twister. The relationship between Georg and Bendemann senior is a complex one which reaches its peak on that Sunday afternoon in his father’s room. When interpreting the story from Georg’s side he is trying to spare the feelings of his friend in Russia, which is why he doesn’t keep him completely up to date. He appears to care for his father and take care of him and over the business in a time of his ailing health. Looking at this story from the father’s side, he believes his son to be immature and incapable of growing up and making the right choices. He believes that Georg just wants to take over the business and is around just because he is still alive. Interestingly how these two act towards each other is a result of the relationship that they have developed since Georg’s youth. Bendemenns senior’s treatment of his son; harsh criticism and constantly degrading his worth have manifested into Georg’s personality and certain motivations in life. His feelings of insecurity and his constant struggle to gain approval from his father has resulted in him feeling inferior to his father, thus taking everything he says literal. When Georg’s father condemns him to death, he utters â€Å"I have always loved you† before jumping off the bridge. As a result of his feelings of inferiority and never being able to satisfy or prove his father right, he says I have always loved you because even though it did not appear that way because his father made it difficult for him to prove it, he still loved his father. The extent of power that this father and son have on each other is displayed through Bendemann senior’s aggressiveness and belief that his son is inadequate. In turn this has had a negative effect on the development of Georg’s personality and his life as an adult. Georg finally takes his father’s words literally and kills himself as a result of the suffering and torment his father has instilled in him throughout the years. References Franz Kafka: The Metamorphosis and other stories. (Mineola, N. Y. Dover Publications. 1996)

5 Cases of Excessive Commas

5 Cases of Excessive Commas 5 Cases of Excessive Commas 5 Cases of Excessive Commas By Mark Nichol The rules about commas can seem so complicated and contradictory that writers can (almost) be forgiven for tossing in an extra one or two. Here are several examples of overly generous deployment of commas. 1. â€Å"If a killer asteroid was, indeed, incoming, a spacecraft could, in theory, be launched to nudge the asteroid out of Earth’s way, changing its speed and the point of intersection.† This thirty-word sentence is littered with six commas one for every five words five of them appearing before the halfway point. By simply bending the rule about bracketing interjections with commas a rule that advocates of open punctuation flout routinely anyway the number is reduced by two, rendering the sentence more free flowing: â€Å"If a killer asteroid was indeed incoming, a spacecraft could, in theory, be launched to nudge the asteroid out of Earth’s way, changing its speed and the point of intersection.† One more comma can be eliminated by relocating the parenthetical phrase â€Å"in theory† to an earlier position in the sentence, so that the comma after incoming does double duty: â€Å"If a killer asteroid was indeed incoming, in theory, a spacecraft could be launched to nudge the asteroid out of Earth’s way, changing its speed and the point of intersection.† 2. â€Å"The metaphor, ‘The world is a machine,’ began to replace the metaphor, ‘The world is a living organism.’† In this sentence, the comma preceding each instance of metaphor implies that that metaphor is the only one not just in the sentence, but anywhere. (But two metaphors are expressed here, and innumerable others exist.) Metaphor, appearing in apposition to the two brief quotations, should not be set off from them: â€Å"The metaphor ‘The world is a machine’ began to replace the metaphor ‘The world is a living organism.’† 3. â€Å"The event is part of a catchy, public health message about the importance of emergency preparedness.† Catchy and â€Å"public health† are not coordinate adjectives. The point is not that the message is catchy and public health; it’s that the public health message is catchy. Therefore, no comma is necessary: â€Å"The event is part of a catchy public health message about the importance of emergency preparedness.† If, by contrast, the sentence read, for example, â€Å"The event is part of a catchy, quirky message about the importance of emergency preparedness,† note that because catchy and quirky are parallel they are coordinate adjectives a comma should separate them. 4. â€Å"The report was completed in December, 2012.† A comma is necessary between a month and a year only if a date is specified (â€Å"The report was completed on December 1, 2012†): â€Å"The report was completed in December 2012.† (The same rule applies when the name of a season appears in place of the name of a month: â€Å"The report was completed in fall 2012.†) 5. â€Å"Jones traveled by boxcar from California to New York with fellow fledgling artist, John Smith, sketching the American landscape along the way.† Commas are necessary with this type of apposition only if the epithet is preceded by an article (â€Å"Jones traveled by boxcar from California to New York with a fellow fledgling artist, John Smith, sketching the American landscape along the way†): â€Å"Jones traveled by boxcar from California to New York with fellow fledgling artist John Smith sketching the American landscape along the way.† Unfortunately, this type of error has gone viral its ubiquity is mistaken for propriety and is seemingly ineradicable. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" 8 Types of Parenthetical Phrases7 Sound Techniques for Effective Writing