Obesity The Most Obese Countries Worldwide - 1428 Words

America is one of the most obese countries worldwide; however, it is an obvious statement if applied to the real world around you. There are several fast food locations within blocks from each other on most streets. Fast foods, however, are not the only source of obesity; stress is also another factor that contributes greatly to weight gain in which one becomes overwhelmed with feelings and they seek food for comfort. Obesity might not be considered such a serious disease like cancer or AIDS, but it definitely is associated with heart-related conditions, diabetes, and premature aging of the entire body and brain. Thus, discussing obesity in a country like America, we as individuals must consider potential factors and causes in order to come up with a plan effective enough to seize this issue that decreases the quality of life. Americans have a tendency to settle for less when it comes to their health and diet. Therefore, purchasing fast food and soft drinks is convenient when one doe sn’t want to cook or buy food at the market. Furthermore, the ingredients within the â€Å"food† these places process are significantly unhealthy and should be unacceptable. Most people who purchase these types of foods don’t even know what they are truly consuming. The lack of knowledge clearly doesn’t affect their choices, hence leading to the problem we face with obesity. Nonetheless, the portion size of these foods are not even measured. People seem to ignore the fact that there areShow MoreRelatedInferential Statistics Essay560 Words   |  3 PagesThis study will focus on the issue of obesity among people. Obesity is one of the prominent issues that the society is facing due to the insufficient information that people have regarding the amount of food intake as well as how people ought to balance their diet. It seems that the problem of obesity is not only experienced in one country but in different countries and this does not only choose certain g ender and age but a person who suffers obesity could be an adult or a child, female or male. Read MoreThe Prevalence Of Obesity And Obesity1196 Words   |  5 PagesThe prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in populations worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) estimated that 400 million adults were considered obese worldwide and is projected to double by the year 2015. Traditionally, obesity is associated with high caloric intake and lower levels of physical activity in high income Western countries. However, low and middle income countries are increasingly becoming obese and becoming a major public health concern in regards to qualityRead MoreObesity Is A Serious Issue1494 Words   |  6 PagesA lot of people think that obesity is something that s not a serious issue and can be resolved in a matter of seconds. 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Fed UpRead MoreEssay on Greg Cristers quot;Too Much of a Good Thingquot;993 Words   |  4 PagesThing, argues that in order to stop obesity, we should stigmatize overeating. Crister states t hat we should place shame on overeating due to the rising obesity epidemic that faces the world today. The U.N. proclaims that obesity is a dominant unmet global health issue, with Westernized countries topping the list. Crister states that twenty five percent of all Americans under the age of nineteen are either obese or overweight. Children are becoming more obese, and more out of hand with their weightRead MoreThe Short and Long Term Effects of Obesity on the Body Essay530 Words   |  3 PagesObesity is a huge issue, not only in america but worldwide. Many methods of preventing obesity exist, and there are many ways to reverse bad choices leading to obesity. There are also many causes and effects of obesity, some are more common than the other. 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Since the 1980’s the prevalence of obesity has almost tripled andRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity989 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is a condition in which the over accumulation of adipose fat tissue causes the weight of a person to increase abnormally. Their weight exceeds by 20%, as a factor of their ideal body weight. According to recent analysis, statistics show that more than one third of the world’s population is targeted by obesity. Resear ch shows that overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight. Obesity occurs greatly amongst adults who are 18 years or older. An estimated 600 million adults wereRead MoreObesity Is An Epidemic Of Growing Proportions1103 Words   |  5 PagesObesity in the United States is an epidemic of growing proportions. According to the Center for Disease Control more than one-third (34.9% or 78.6 million) of U.S. adults are obese. (Adult Obesity Facts, 2014). Obesity is defined as a body mass index or BMI, over 30. A person’s height and weight are used to determine BMI but does not measure how much body fat a person has. There are several factors that play into the lifestyle of obese patients. The Center for Disease Control have outlined importantRead MoreEssay Obesity: Americans Need to Change Their Way of Life 1142 Words   |  5 Pagesprecious bodies? Why does the wealthiest country in the world act so carelessly when it comes to healthy eating and staying fit?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States of America has an obesity rate of 65%, which is 22% higher than the rest of the world (Jamison). This striking statistic is mainly due to the overall way of life of Americans compared to the less spoiled countries around the world. Americans desperately need to change their ways of life so the obesity rate can shrink and the people can become

The Social Responsibility Of Engineering - 1385 Words

In a modern society engineering activities including professional, based on scientific knowledge, social responsibility and human-dimension design and operation of technical devices plays an increasingly important role. Modern engineering professionalism involves not only the development of scientific bases of design engineering, but also awareness of the purposes, meanings and engineering problems in general, its place in the culture of the twenty first century. Of great importance is an understanding of the social responsibility of engineering for the transformation of the natural and social space, the need for transformative efforts commensurate with controlling human capabilities. Ethics is the concept of the general culture; it refers to one of the oldest branches of philosophy. It regulates the mutual obligations of people towards each other. Encountering various ethical dilemmas, individuals receive moral instruction on how to live, what to follow, what to strive for. Engineer ing Ethics, establishing compliance with the criteria of social engineering efficiency, affordability and security, becomes part of the professional culture of the engineer. Over the past century from disparate instruments of human impact on the individual elements of the natural environment has become a powerful technique socio-technical system which creates a point of how new habitat will affect the scale of cultural universals, change the rhythms and patterns of social and cultural life,Show MoreRelatedEngineers And Social Responsibility : Engineering Profession1377 Words   |  6 PagesEngineers and Social Responsibility All professionals must act ethically. Engineering profession, as well as other occupations, found the need to abide by the code of ethics to regulate their practice to only those services that are good for the society. Therefore, codes of ethics are procedures that guide any professional. 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Coursework on ‘Othello’ Free Essays

string(53) " over Iago as Cassio and Othello are both outsiders\." A tragic event is a disastrous and dreadful event. A tragedy is usually when someone is killed. A hero is usually a man who is courageous and displays noble qualities; he is perceived by people to be very muscular and strong. We will write a custom essay sample on Coursework on ‘Othello’ or any similar topic only for you Order Now So a tragic hero is a person who is an exceptional person, but has a fatal flaw. This is normally exposed and then twisted by the villain. To the audience he is amazing, and so when he is killed it is a tragedy for the audience as the world has lost such an outstanding person, the hero then can no longer contribute to society. In this play the tragic hero is Othello. He is a tragic hero as he as achieved a lot. He is an outsider, and also is not very young; in addition he is not white, but black. Even though he is all of this he still becomes a general and attracts a very beautiful seventeen year old girl. But he has a flaw; this is his jealousy. This flaw is twisted and exploited by the villain of the play, Iago. As the play goes on we see how jealousy corrupts the mind of Othello, resulting in his death. In this play there are many different themes shaped and formed. These are jealousy, men and women and race and colour. The main theme represented in this play, is jealousy. There are three main types of jealousy in this play they are professional, sexual and racial. Professional jealousy is portrayed by Iago in this play as he is jealous of Michael Cassio. This is because he was promoted to lieutenant by Othello and Iago was not. Iago calls Michael Cassio a ‘great arithmetician’ he shows that he is jealous of Cassio as he is doing better than him even though he is also a outsider. He may have become Othello’s lieutenant as he, like Othello, is an outsider. When Iago says ‘A fellow almost damned in a fair wife’ he is showing that he is sexually jealous of Cassio as he is more sexually attractive than him and many women like him. This makes Iago feel more hate and jealousy for Cassio. When Iago is talking to Brabantio he says ‘An old black ram is tupping your white ewe’ this is showing that Iago is racially jealous of Othello. Therefore this shows that Iago is jealous that Othello has married a beautiful and noble, young girl. All of these various types of jealousy felt by Iago in the play lead to terrible tragedies. The opening scene creates a build up of atmosphere with political and social aspects. The scene begins at night in Venice. Venice was infamous for political intrigue. There were many Machiavellian characters around. It was known to be an amoral place, where the people could not be trusted as they where cunning and sly. The scene is set at night where dark and underhand deeds are covered up, and not seen by the light of day. It begins with two characters, Roderigo and Iago, disputing. Roderigo is fervent to possess Desdemona, with the help of Iago. They talk about another character who has been appointed by the council, general of the Venetian army. We learn that he is a Moor and an outsider. Also we find out that one Michael Cassio is the lieutenant, a position which Iago craves. Othello in this scene is not referred to by name, and we soon learn that he is hated by Roderigo and Iago. All of this talk about Othello makes the audience anxious to find out about him and meet this quite exceptional person. This causes a mood and atmosphere of curiosity and dramatic tension. In the first scene of ‘Othello’ Iago is introduced. This scene is very important as it lays the foundations for the tragedies which develop later in the play. As he is introduced he has a big impact on the audience. He is portrayed in the first scene to be a person who is in control of what he does, and someone who has control over others, and seems to be someone who is ambitious. Iago is brought into the first scene talking to Roderigo. Roderigo begins the dialogue with Iago. In his few opening lines he says ‘Iago, who hast had my purse as if the strings were thine, shouldst know of this. This shows that Roderigo does not trust Iago about him being able to procure Desdemona, from Othello for him. Also this shows the audience that Iago’s services can be bought with money, revealing that he is mercenary. Furthermore the name Iago sounds Spanish, so to the Stuart audience this would show instantly that he was a malevolent character, as at this time to England the Spanish people were enemies. Following Roderigo’s few words, Iago replies with a blasphemous ‘sblood’ meaning God’s blood. This shows his derision for Christ and for Christian values. This single word would have shocked and surprised the Stuart audience, who were religious. Iago asserts his hate towards the ‘Moor’ Othello. He says in great detail about Othello ‘off-capped to him; I am worth no worse a place. But he, as loving his own pride and purposes, evades them with a bombast circumstance, horribly stuffed with epithets of war. ‘ Here he is telling Roderigo how he despises Othello for not letting him become a lieutenant, instead passing him over for ‘one Michael Cassio, a Florentine. Iago then calls Cassio ‘a great arithmetician’ this is Iago being sarcastic; he is implying that Michael Cassio has no experience or idea of war. Iago speaks on talking about Michael Cassio by insulting where he is from, saying that he is a ‘Florentine’. He is saying that Cassio the Florentine knows nothing of war. This displays Iago of being racially prejudiced to foreigners and outsiders. This is the same for Othello; there may be a reason to why Cassio was chosen over Iago as Cassio and Othello are both outsiders. You read "Coursework on ‘Othello’" in category "Papers" Iago comments on Cassio, of being ‘a fellow almost damned in a fair wife. This reveals that he may be sexually jealous of Cassio, as many women are attracted to him. Iago continues on, to again insult Cassio even more saying ‘that never set a squadron in the field, nor the division of a battle knows more than a spinster, unless the bookish theoric. ‘ This shows that he may be upset about being passed over for promotion, and his abhorrence for Cassio. I believe from what I have seen from what Iago says about Cassio, he may feel intellectually inferior to Cassio as he says ‘as masterly as he is’ screening that Iago may feel he has been challenged by someone better and more academic than him. This is the audience’s first sign of professional jealousy. Iago then finally ends this speech with a sardonic phrase of ‘his moorship’ this is a derogatory connotation, which is a play on the phrase ‘his worship. ‘ Iago proves to Roderigo just how much he hates Othello, by insulting him and by slandering Cassio. With all of this hatred Iago has he causes the demotion of Cassio, the murder of Desdemona, the suicide of Othello and the downfall of himself. Our visions of Othello are all shaped by what Iago says in his dialogue with Roderigo. The audience may become doubtful of what Iago says as his views are amoral. There are important lines from this long speech revealing Iago’s real character. But the main theme of this speech is how he hates Othello, and his lack of true loyalty and integrity. Moreover he tells Roderigo his plan and how it will affect him; Roderigo follows Iago foolishly not seeing that he is being used because of his desire to possess Desdemona. This speech also shows how Iago is able to ingeniously manipulate people. He begins to say ‘I follow him to serve my turn upon him’ this is basically showing how is only serving Othello to help himself and using it for his advantage. This shows that Iago is ambitious as he knows what he wants, and does anything to get it. Also he is disloyal and self-serving as he is just getting what he wants out of his actions, and is betraying his so called friend Othello. In addition he is cunning and sly getting exactly what he wants, by deceiving people. He says an important line which is ‘heaven is my judge, not I for love and duty’ this shows that Iago is not interested in love and does not really care about it. He has no concept of love. This leads to the later point of his attitude towards women in general. He also says the blasphemous phrase of ‘I am not what I am’ this shows that he is going against God’s words of ‘I am what I am. ‘ This shows that he once again is disrespectful of Christian values and of Christ. But this line could also be showing that Iago may have a layer to his character, which is unseen by other people. We can see that what Roderigo says is an echo of how Iago speaks, especially about Othello. We witness Roderigo say a racist comment about Othello, ‘the thick-lips owe. ‘ This is a phrase which is mirrored from the way Iago addresses Othello. Iago is manipulating people to become like him, evil. Iago feels he needs to instigate his plan and tells Roderigo to ‘rouse Brabantio, make after him, poison his delight, proclaim him in the streets. ‘ This shows that Iago delights in causing trouble and enjoys stage managing chaos. Roderigo is polite and kind in talking to the senator, getting them nowhere so it is Iago’s crude and disgusting descriptions of ‘an old black ram, is tupping your white ewe’ which make Brabantio irate. The animal imagery here is representing the sexual connection between Desdemona the noble women with the ‘Moor’ general Othello. This sexual reference is then linked with the suggestion of Cassio being ‘a fellow almost damned in a fair wife,’ and with his job to help match up Roderigo and Desdemona. This shows that Iago thinks of women to be objects, and disregards love. He is unable to understand love, or the relationships between men and women. We can see from this scene that Iago is able to control and manipulate people to his own advantage. From this scene altogether we see that Iago is a cynical malcontent. He is malicious in his acts and crude with his language, he is able to manipulate people for his own needs, and exaggerates situations to his own advantage. We see how he despises men who wear their hearts on their sleeves, and who don’t look out for their own interests. He likes people, who are self-serving, and people who do evil deeds for money, people who are untrustworthy and who pretend to be honest. His speeches in these scenes are energetic and shocking to many audiences, they are full of egotistical disgust. Furthermore Iago has an underhand way of being absent when actions which he has instigated come to head. Iago is a compelling and sophisticated villain. In this play there are two main scenes where Iago puts his Machiavellian plans in to operation. Iago’s plans are malicious; he puts his plans into action in act 2 scene 3, and in act 3 scene 3. In act 2 scene 3 all of Iago’s tactics and ideas become reality. Upon arrival in Cyprus Iago persuades Cassio to have a drink by saying ‘come, lieutenant, I have a stoup of wine. ‘ Cassio keeps on refusing Iago’s offers, as he has ‘very poor and unhappy brains for drinking. ‘ But Cassio is not able to resist it, and takes some wine, causing him to become ‘full of quarrel and offence. ‘ Iago perceives this as his chance to instigate his plan. Continuing to manipulate Roderigo effortlessly, he makes him start off a quarrel and a brawl with Cassio. Cassio gets wound up by Roderigo, as Roderigo gives witty remarks like ‘beat me? ‘ These comments from Roderigo and the fact that he is drunk cause Cassio to get aggravated, and therefore fight. Othello gets alerted by the brawl, and finds Montano and Cassio fighting. Montano is hurt, ‘zounds I bleed still. ‘ Othello asks ‘honest Iago’ to find out what happened. This is dramatic irony as Othello thinks that Iago is an honest person, whereas the audience knows that he is not, that he is crude and evil. This puts the audience in the position of knowing more than the characters, increasing tension. Othello dismisses Cassio from his position, and he is demoted, just as Iago wanted. As Cassio is dismissed, Iago gets the chance to take his place, and get access to Othello so he can poison and corrupt his mind with his words. Iago speaks and acts in this scene as if he always has someone else’s interests at heart. He enjoys presenting himself in the best possible light. In this scene as Othello is being informed on the brawl by Iago, Iago acts as if he wants to help Cassio, he says to Othello ‘I had rather have this tongue cut from my mouth than it should do offence to Michael Cassio. This is all part of Iago’s plan to make himself look trustworthy and loyal, towards Othello. He here seems to be reluctant to accuse Cassio. This is not only to make Iago look loyal, but also to make Othello see how disgracefully his lieutenant has acted. Othello likes to here the direct truth, even though he appreciates the false ‘protection’ of Cassio, given by Iago. We see Iago’s ingenious and spiteful ideas when he decides to use Desdemona, who is innocent, and who he has no quarrel with, to ‘enmesh them all. ‘ We see how pleased he is in his speech, that he has the intelligence and power to turn Desdemona’s ‘virtue into pitch. As before we see how Iago dislikes honesty and innocence. Even Iago’s wife Emilia, is fooled in thinking that Iago wants to help Michael Cassio. Iago’s only loyalty is to himself. Iago’s imagery is crude, he will convince Othello that all the meetings that Iago and Desdemona are having, is an affair. He is planting the seeds of jealousy into Othello’s mind. He tries to convince him that his wife wants Cassio, and that she will ‘undo her credit with the Moor. ‘ In this scene Iago disrupts Othello’s wedding night, and Iago turns Othello against the people he trusted and loved. Act 3 scene 3 is the pivotal scene where Iago puts his Machiavellian plans into operation. Iago wants Othello to perceive that Cassio is having an affair with Cassio. Iago in this scene once again is pretending to be friends with Cassio. Iago knows exactly how Othello operates, and so he knows how to get inside his head. Iago tries to avoid answering Othello’s questions directly. He does this as he knows this builds up suspicion in Othello’s mind. He also often imitates Othello’s questions as he Othello says ‘is he honest. ‘ Subsequently Iago avoids the question and says ‘honest my lord! This is another technique that Iago uses to raise suspicion from ‘Othello. Iago when talking to Othello about Desdemona repeatedly reminds him how she had deceitfully behaved, and the painful reminder that he is an outsider. Iago tells Othello that she could have made other ‘natural’ choices. Iago keeps angering Othello by manipulating and poisoning his mind. Iago tells Othello ‘look to your wife; observe her well with Cassio; where your eyes thus, not jealous nor secure. ‘ He essentially tells Othello to see his wife neutrally, and not to get angry when looking upon her with Cassio. Another way that Iago tries to persuade Othello is by saying ‘she did deceive her father, and when she seem’d to shake and fear your looks. ‘ Iago here tries to show Othello that she is not loyal and noble, as she already deceived her father by marrying him, because of what she wanted. So Iago is questioning Othello, on what is stopping her from doing it again. Iago pretends to care about Othello as he says ‘trust me I fear it has. I hope you will consider what is spoke comes from my love. ‘ He is telling Othello that he has his best interests at heart. After Iago knows that the poison he gave to Othello through words has held, and once Othello has become vengeful, he knows he must take the role of being a noble and loyal friend. There is irony here as Othello is seeking to kill Cassio; he is carrying out Iago’s revenge for him. WE find out from this scene that Othello is weak and insecure, as the emotion of love that he has for Desdemona loses against Iago’s crude language. Othello left alone he wonders ‘Why did I marry? ‘ This shows that he already knows that his wife is false. He begins to speak of ‘the curse of marriage. ‘ Although he resists Iago’s version of Desdemona, it is the fake story of Cassio having a dream about her which breaks him. He returns angry much more angry with his words, but still does not know what to believe ‘I think my wife be honest, and think she is not. ‘ But we see from the crude images conjuring in his mind, and the violence of his speech that Iago is winning. He speaks violently of ‘poison, or fire, or suffocating streams. ‘ He curses ‘death and damnation’ and says ferociously ‘I’ll tear her all to pieces. We see here that Iago has fully corrupted his mind, and Othello like Roderigo is beginning to talk with crude and malicious language, just like Iago. Iago’s plans in act 3 scene 3 are successful, as he is able to demote Cassio from his position. Iago is able to successfully play a number of roles, and is able to adapt his tone and style to suit any occasion. In this scene Iago acts apparently loyal, and as if he has everybody else’s interests at heart. He presents himself as a noble friend to Cassio, and in the best possible light. From discrediting Cassio, Iago is able to get close to Othello. This then means that he is able to corrupt and poison Othello’s mind, with his crude words. The demotion weakens Othello’s position, and gives Iago a great advantage to put his wicked plan into operation. As Iago gains access to Othello’s mind from Cassio, he is able to use his skills in manipulation, to make Othello see things that are not actually happening. He makes Othello perceive that Cassio is having an affair with Desdemona, and that she is being unfaithful towards him. Also he makes Othello demote Cassio because of a brawl, which Roderigo initiated. These events, which are stage managed by Iago all lead to the tragic denouement, Othello and Desdemona’s deaths. The way he acts in this scene is similar to the way he acts in act 1 scene, as he pretends to have Roderigo’s interests at heart in act 1 scene 1, and in act 2 scene 3 he acts as if he has Cassio’s interests at heart. In both scenes he appears to be loyal to his friends, when he is actually fooling everyone and is only loyal to himself. Also in both of these scenes he is always manipulating people, just to see the downfall of Othello. Part of Iago’s success in act 2 scene 3 lies in the fact that he tells all of his victims exactly what they want to hear, or he uses arguments which would make his victims think like him, in a crude malicious manner. Act 3 scene 3 is the pivotal point in the play because Othello is convinced of his wife’s corruption; Othello makes a sacred oath never to change his mind about her or to soften his feelings towards her until he acts out a violent revenge. At this point, Othello is fixed in his course, and the disastrous ending of the play is unavoidable. Othello swears to Iago that he will kill Desdemona and Cassio. Just as the play replaces the security of peace with the anxiety of domestic strife, Othello replaces the security of his marriage with the hateful paranoia of an alliance with Iago. Iago is the one who causes Othello’s downfall, as he sows the seeds of suspicion in his mind. Iago’s methods in this scene are more subtle. He pretends to be reluctant to speak. Desdemona keeps irritating Othello, by asking when he will reinstate Cassio. This angers Othello as; he is already suspicious of Cassio having an affair with Desdemona. Iago persistently acts as if he is protecting Cassio. Othello becomes more and more suspicious from what Iago tells him, and Iago uses ‘key’ words which get to Othello, for example ‘think’ and ‘honest. ‘ We can see how Iago falsely protects Cassio as he says, ‘I think Cassio’s an honest man. ‘ Iago is protecting Cassio and not telling Othello the direct truth. This causes Othello to feel more suspicious of Cassio. Iago tells Othello about how Cassio and Desdemona have secretly been meeting, and so when Othello perceives it himself he becomes infuriated. Othello gives the secret of his downfall to Iago. This is Othello’s flaw. Othello says ‘when I love thee not, chaos is come again. ‘ The significance is that if Othello stops loving Desdemona he will disintegrate, and crumble to pieces. Iago now has something to act on, and can exploit this feeling, to ‘poison’ and destroy Othello. Iago’s final words in this scene chillingly mock the language of love and marriage: ‘I am your own forever. ‘ Iago is a malicious, malevolent and crude person. He is able to manipulate, and twist people’s feelings to his own advantage. He is brilliant at stage managing events, and is capable of hoodwinking others to believe he is honest. When Iago speaks in his soliloquies he is boastful and dismissive. Iago is a very untrustworthy character, as we have seen from how he has fooled everyone to trust him. Iago is a complex character, only himself and the audience knows what he is really like. In this play we see how Iago is able to put his skills of manipulation into act. Many believe he may have a homosexual side and tries to replace Desdemona, but this is only some views as his relationship with Othello is very complicated. Iago is highly intellectual socially. In this play he is the bringer off death and pain upon many characters, he is like the grim reaper. Iago is partly responsible for bringing death to Othello, but it is not all his fault. It is true that he used his skills to manipulate people, and his ability to ‘poison’ and corrupt people’s minds to bring Othello’s downfall, but it is also the faults of the people he manipulated, for being weak minded. Roderigo, who was firstly manipulated, followed Iago as his drive and passion to possess Desdemona got in the way. Cassio’s flaw was that he only became manipulated as he believed Iago was his true friend, and that he was there to help him, he was also too trusting. Desdemona also had a fatal flaw, which was that she could be deceitful; also she loved and trusted Othello to a great extent. Finally Iago’s greatest achievement was convincing and manipulating Othello. Othello has the most significant fatal flaw; he had a high amount of jealousy. Iago was able to exploit all of these weaknesses. But the biggest was Othello’s which all lead to the catastrophic deaths of Othello and his Desdemona. How to cite Coursework on ‘Othello’, Papers

Noah Webster Essay Example For Students

Noah Webster Essay The American Dictionary is one of the most important books in America. The first dictionary was written by Noah Webster in 1828. The dictionary was only one, but the most important of his accomplishments. As you will find out Noah Webster is an important American hero. Noah Webster was born on October 16, 1758, in the West Division of Hartford. Noah was a member of an average colonial family. His mother worked at home while his father was a farmer and a weaver. Noah often helped his father farm with his two brothers. At that time, not many people got to go to college, but he loved to learn so much that his parents allowed him to go to Yale. He left for college in New Haven, in 1774, at age 16. Noah wanted to study law but his parents could not afford it, so he studied teaching He graduated in 1778 and became a teacher in West Hartford, Glastonbury, and Hartford. He later went on to study law. Noah had a strong opinion about American schools, he did not like them at all. The idea of seventy children of all ages stuffed into a one-room schoolhouse with no desks, poor schoolbooks, and untrained teachers was wrong. Most of their books came from England and Noah thought that Americans should learn from American books. So in 1778, Noah wrote A Grammatical Institute of the English Language. This book was nick-named the Blue-Backed Speller because of its blue cover. For one-hundred years, Noahs book taught children in America to read, spell, and pronounce words. It was one of the most popular American books of that time. Ben Franklin used the book to teach his granddaughter how to read. In 1789, Noah married Rebecca Greenleaf. Together they had eight children. Noah was well-loved by the children. He would carry candies in his pockets to share with them. The Websters lived in New Haven, and then moved Amherst, Massechusetts. There Noah helped start Amherst College. He later moved back to New Haven. Noah was 43 when he started writing the first American dictionary. He did so because he thought that Americans should speak and spell differently than the English. He also realized people were speaking and spelling differently in different parts of the country. He began the dictionary in 1801. Noah also added words that were not used in Great Britain. Noah had a little help from other writers and teachers, but he did most of the work and research himself. It took him over twenty-seven years to finish the dictionary and when he did finish in 1828, the dictionary had over 70,000 words in it. Noah did many other things in his life. He worked for copyright laws, wrote textbooks, edited magazines, and Americanized the English language. He taught many children how to read and write the American way. Noah was also a writer for a Massechusets newspaper for many years. He became editor and played a very important role in the success of that newspaper. When Noah died in 1843, he was consider ed to be an American hero. He helped to make America more separated from Great Britain and the American people liked him for that. Noahs dictionary is still used today, and will probably be used for a long time to come.

The Truth Behind Fast Food Advertising free essay sample

This paper analyzes the duplicitous nature of advertising in the fast food industry, focusing on the advertisements of three multinational fast food companies, McDonalds, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Long John Silver. Fast food advertising has been allowed to profess anything, from the healthy quality of their food to the food companys contribution to homeless kids. While fast food giants are quick to take any of their detractors to court for any erroneous allegations made by members of the public, it doesnt stop these same companies from committing libel themselves through their promotions. However, most fast food companies steer clear of making outrageous claims such any health benefits, preferring to concentrate on marketing their services convenience, economy and perceived lifestyle. This paper endeavors to highlight this discrepancy in the industry and showcases three fast food companies and their advertising efforts in that regard. Fast food outlets have become the messiah for the millions of people out there who dont have more than five minutes to spare in grabbing a bite to eat or for the millions of mothers desperate for one night of not cooking dinner for the family. We will write a custom essay sample on The Truth Behind Fast Food Advertising or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is certainly a lot to choose from. All one has to do is switch on the television, turn on the radio, go to the cinemas or even walk down the street. People from all walks of life are bombarded each and every day with jingles and gimmicks and catchcries, inviting the consumer to partake of their fried or greasy menu. Some appeal to the consumers need for convenience, others appeal to the consumers economic constraints, and others appeal to the consumers perceived utopian lifestyle. Some even go so far as to appeal to the consumers interest in healthy eating. But are these appeals from fast food conglomerates based on truth or are they just trying to beef up their profits duplicitously? This paper endeavors to explore some claims that fast food companies have made in the past through their advertising. Three fast food giants will also be held under the microscope and studied for any evidence of duplicity through their advertising.

Biotech paper Essays

Biotech paper Essays Biotech paper Essay Biotech paper Essay Stem Cells Curing Cancer Have you ever thought about your stem cells saving someones life? 21, 013 people die from cancer a year, 404 people per month, 57 per week, and 2 per day. Recently scientists have discovered a cure for cancer patients by using a healthy donars stem cells this is called allogenic stem cell rescue. this paper will inform you about allogenic stem cell rescue, the positive outcomes along with the downfalls of this treatment, and how it affects the citizens in your global community. To begin, allogenic stem cell rescue was developed to cure cancer patients. his escue is performed when a cancer patients stem cells have been destroyed due to igh doses of chemotherapy. when chemotherapy takes place it gets rid of all the abnormal cells. when a patient is in need of healthy stem cells after chemotherapy they will introduce the donars stem cells to the patients body by an IV, these stem cells will be placed in the patients bloodstream. if the do nars cells cooperate with the patients bloodstream they will migrate to the bone marrow, they will start to reproduce healthy leukocytes(white blood cells). once the new leukocytes start producing they will begin to reprodce very quickly. ding to that, allogenic stem cell rescue has saved many lives since it was first succesfully perfomrd in 1968. allogenic stem cell rescue has been very effective over the years. although this treatment may cure the cancer and replace the bone marrow that has been dsetroyed this tretent Iso has many downfalls like, infertility known as the inability to become pregnant. Thyroid disease is another downfall, thyroid disease is when your hormones become impaired. even though this stem cell rescue may cure cancer it may also have many side affects after this treatment has taken place. so, allogenic stem cell rescue may affect the global communitys environment and and ethical views. it will affect the environment by improving the health of many people who suffer from cancer. improving the health of many people by finding a treatment for cancer that is taking the lives away of 57 or more people a day is a very reassuring thing. if many citizens in the society agree with the ethics of this cure than we may have more and more donars to help the patients in need of stem cells. this procedure cant be done without the help of healthy donars. in conclusion, Biotech paper By AprilEdstrom1995

Functions of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Functions of Management - Essay Example An example of planning function occurs when the retailer wants to expand its operations to new markets. Organizing function involves controlling the overall operations in the organization. This includes assigning of tasks, and delegating authority and responsibility to some employees (Fox, 2009). In Wal-Mart, this function is common when the retailer wants to relieve the top management some tasks in order for it to deal with external issues. Staffing is a function that involves the recruitment of the subordinates. This function ensures that the right people are hired for the job (Fox, 2009). In addition, in Wal-Mart, the process encompasses training, promoting best employees, and transferring them to different departments and subsidiaries. Controlling is a function that ensures that all operations are ongoing without any hitches. It is an important function that identifies problems and setting new standards of performance (Fox, 2009). In Wal-Mart, this function involves auditing and using performance appraisal to identify any issue that might affect the performance of the

Trends in Cloud Computing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Trends in Cloud Computing - Assignment Example The users of the technology need not to have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructures "in the cloud" that supports them. Buyya et al. (2009) stated that the concept incorporates infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS) as well as Web 2.0 and other recent technological trends that have the common theme of dependency on the Internet for meeting computing needs of the users. Examples of such providers are Dropbox.com, Salesforce.com, and Google Apps, which all provide common business applications online that are accessed from a web browser, while the software and data are stored on the servers. Referring to the writings by Cohen (2012) the term cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on how the Internet is depicted in computer network diagrams, and is an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it conceals. The diagram below helps to demonstrate the architecture of cloud computing an d how it incorporates the use of other technologies in order to provide a variety of applications of services. Figure 1: Graphical representation of cloud computing Sources: http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/comparing-public-private-and-hybrid-cloud-computin.html In the writings by Saboowala et al. (2013), they stated that cloud computing mainly involves software as a service and utility computing. Under Software as a Service, cloud computing is known for providing an application via the internet, which ends up being used by millions of people located in different corners of the world. Under utility computing, it is noted that cloud computing provide storage and virtual servers that users can easily access on real time basis. The top trends in cloud computing In the writings by Cohen (2012), he noted that the latest trends in cloud computing are because of continued application of cloud computing in various forms, and therefore, the technology has been realigning itself to the c hanging needs of providers and businesses, which has created new utility options for the technology of which key among them is big data analytics. Big data analytics According to Schlesinger (2013), big data analytics is one of the latest trends in cloud computing and it refers to the capability of cloud computing to manage big amounts of data from various sources. Therefore, the latest trends is the analysis of big data that is available â€Å"in the cloud† in a single approach without any sub-division of data into manageable chunks. The big data analytics enables organizations to carry an analysis of data that that is generated from a long period of time from multiple sources using a common approach. For example, Buyya et al. (2009) stated that within the public cloud, access can be obtained to individual files containing variety of data from different businesses within the same industry and the analysis of such data will provide a global outlook of the entire industry. Big data analytics services by cloud computing provide key benefits of reduced cost in analyzing wide data and shortened duration of analyzing data. Increased application of hybrid clouds Cohen (2012) wrote that as businesses are increasingly identifying the benefits of cloud computing they are equally increasing their adoption of the use of cloud computing for various business purposes. This has resulted in a trend

Textile Industry of UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Textile Industry of UK - Essay Example These two companies are major UK textile and apparel manufacturers. This report examines the growth prospects for the two companies trends in fashion have been listed at the close of the report. The aim and objective is to analyze the growth of the industry as a whole with the two companies presenting the model for growth behavior. A company with a vision to originate unconventional, vibrant outfits and frills was well established back in 2001 in East London. It initiated its work by printing t-shirts in a different style called "Screen Printed T-Shirts" This innovation got great appreciation and got famous in no time. The brand for its quality and uniqueness became reputable and spread its network in Japan, Paris and Italy. Creative designs and distinct style distinguish it from other brands. The company has mission to en light your day with it diverse product range, catering to all ages (Lazy Oaf Company, 2009). Witnessing the current economic downfall throughout the world the company has done remarkably well to maintain its place in the market by taking timely initiatives and launching campaigns and promotional offers that helped it securing its share in the market (Lazy Oaf Prices, 2009). The prices of products have been kept in accordance with the buying ability of masses, not to deprive them their right to buy quality brand. At this critical juncture the performance in terms of growth is uphill with innovation in Fashion stands as essential standpoint. Bay & Brown Company A UK design studio that promotes exclusive compilation of ideas, print designs and notions fabricate for UK and various international fashion industries. Bay and Brown is playing a key role in boosting the image of the company all over the world in terms of setting a benchmark regarding the fine prints and designs famous for their innovation and cost effectiveness (Bay & Brown Company, 2009). Comparison between Lazy Oaf Company & Bay & Brown Company I. Trend Setter Both the organizations are trend setters of their own particular type. Both have been initiating innovative ideas and setting a benchmark for the others to follow. This is not only limited to the borders of these countries but have certainly crossed other borders with convincing successes. II. Goodwill in the Market These leading organizations enjoy their goodwill in the market by providing and catering to the needs of the masses. The uniqueness of their brands has been one of the major factors contributing in their uphill goodwill. In this critical scenario of recession it is the most difficult work to keep up the brand name in the market but hats off to the companies which have been working for sustaining their brand names. III. Share in the Market Due to increased market goodwill these organizations enjoy a handsome market share as well. In their success the role of the goodwill is of key importance as it increases the

Terrorist Attacks Causes and Effects

Terrorist Attacks Causes and Effects Introduction In recent years, terrorist attacks have increased enormously. According to Paul Wilkinson in his book â€Å"Terrorism Versus Democracy: The Liberal State Response† (2011), terrorism still remains a serious problem for the international community; during the years 2006 to 2009 over 60% of the countries in the world experienced terrorist attacks. Defining terrorism has been an intimidating task to do, over hundreds of definitions were made across a number of academic fields, and still there has been no progress in providing an internationally accepted definition. Terrorism can be defined as the threat or usage of violence for political, religious or ethical purposes that influence the attitudes and behavior of a certain group of people to accomplish their objectives (Rapoport and Alexander, eds.1982). This definition was generated by David Rapoport and Yonah Alexander in their book â€Å"The Rationalization of Terrorism† which was published in the year 1982 as a simple definition of terrorism. Throughout the years, terrorism has been a highly complex phenomenon that is constantly changing, and that is affected by many factors, as the word itself is a very broad topic which is associated with a wide variety of groups, and I believe that this is the reason why the international community was unable to come up with a com bined definition. Wilkinson (2011) writes that some people ban the word terrorism and would rather call people who use terrorism as a weapon as â€Å"freedom fighters†, â€Å"holy warriors† or â€Å"revolutionaries†, depending on the cause they are fighting for. Even according to the Scholar Dr.Dipak Gupta, terrorism is nearly impossible to define. In this literature review, I will first present an overview of the existing literature on the topic of causes of terrorist attacks, underlining the main positions and sources of disagreement. Building on this, I will then identify gaps in the literature on the topic in order to see how my future research could have an added value. Finally, after narrowing down the topic, I will present specific research questions that I believe would be fruitful to explore further. Overview of research by key scholars I aim to investigate and analyze the root and trigger causes of terrorism, by providing an overview of the main literature on this topic, and based on this literature review, a comprehensive list of concrete factors is presented to demonstrate the causes of terrorism. It is always a necessity to search for the causes and causality in every social science, because of the need to understand a particular phenomenon. Moreover, when we deal with undesirable occurrences and incidents, we usually seek to understand the why and how questions in order to develop appropriate measures and variables. In this section, I will try to differentiate between root causes and trigger causes, which according to Martha Crenshaw (1981) root causes (or preconditions) are the factors that occur over the long run, and trigger causes (or precipitants) are factors that occur immediately in a specific event. Terrorism is a study that has extended across several fields including political science, sociology, crim inology, psychology and history, and what researchers have tried to do is to build our awareness to further develop our understanding of this phenomena. Unfortunately, the only outcome of this awareness was to raise more questions than to provide answers. The root causes of terrorism Although studies of this phenomenon have been taking place since the 1960’s, the number of publications that directly talk about the root causes or the preconditions are very limited. In his book â€Å"Terrorists, Victims and Society: Psychological Perspectives on Terrorism and its Consequences† (2003), Andrew Silke states that although there have been numerous publications about terrorism, its research has not reflected any improvements in quality, and despite proliferation of academic studies in the field, there have been no improvement or progress in this area. Andrew Silke (2001) also pointed out that although there has been recent research on terrorism, only 20% of the published articles provide new knowledge on the subject, while the rest of the published articles are repeating and reworking old data. It is said that countries with intermediate range of political freedom are usually more prone to terrorism than countries that have high levels of political freedom (Alberto Abadie, 2004). Many geographic factors also affect and are important to endure terrorist activities. According to Abadie’s dataset on terrorist risk and attacks worldwide, it has been estimated that political freedom has a non-monotonic effect on terrorism. He therefore observed that there is an increase in terrorism for countries in transition from authoritarian regimes to democracies (Alberto Abadie, 2004:11). One of the most cited publications on the causes of terrorism is the article written by Martha Crenshaw under the title of â€Å"The causes of terrorism† (1981), highlighting the difficulties of finding general explanations for terrorism and distinguishing different types of variables. Crenshaw distinguishes and separates the variables into 3 groups: strategic, structural and psychological, and she emphasizes that the main idea of terrorism is an invention of rational political choice. According to Crenshaw, terrorism is the result of a decision made by an organization to oppose a government; it is seen as a logical way to fulfill desires (Crenshaw, 1981: 385). Despite the fact that Crenshaw’s article offers a lot of ideas to further research, and that her article was cited by others, only few scholars have been challenged to bring our main understanding of the causes of terrorism to a more advanced and higher level. Twelve years after Crenshaw’s article, Jeffrey Ian Ross wrote another influential article under the name: â€Å"Structural Causes of Oppositional Political Terrorism: Towards a Causal Model† (1993), he also identified three variables that causes terrorism similar to the ones of Crenshaw, namely structural and psychological causes, and rational choice. Another scholar, Dipak Gupta (2005), has tried to understand and research why people engage in terrorist actions in the name of groups that represent a certain ethnicity, ideology, religion or nationalism. His arguments are basically rooted in economic and socio-psychological dimensions of human motivations, where he states that the link between economic factors and socio-political factors such as poverty†¦etc and terrorism is weak. Gupta also states that â€Å"political violence takes place when a leader gives voice to the frustration by formulating a well-defined social construction of collective identity and paints in vivid colour the image of ‘us’ and ‘them’† (2005:19). This means in other words that the political, economic and religious frustration are not alone the causes that lead to terrorism, there must have been root causes that remain hidden until a trigger mechanism is activated, which then leads to outbreak of violence and terrorist attacks. We have seen that scholars have expanded the research on root causes to terrorism, building on what Crenshaw has found, but yet not produced any new approaches towards terrorism, but expanded the elements of socio-economic causation and other factors, especially Gupta. After giving an overview for some of the scholars about theoretical approaches, I will be listing here some of the concrete root causes of terrorism. The list that I am about to present is not an inclusive list of the root causes, and is not to represent a comprehensive set of the root causes, but to identify the multiplicity of causal factors that usually contribute to terrorism. The causes are derived from the publication by Randy Borum (2003) under the title Psychology of Terrorism. First cause could be that lack of democracy, rule of law and civil liberties are conditions for many forms of domestic terrorism. We therefore identify that the most democratic states and societies have the lowest level of oppositional violence. As Crenshaw states â€Å"Democracy and terrorism are not polar opposites: saying yes to democracy, unfortunately, does not mean saying no to terrorism† (Club de Madrid, 2005: 14) Second cause is rapid modernization and urbanization in the form of high economic growth has also been found to correlate strongly with the emergence of ideological terrorism, but not with the ethno-nationalist terrorism. An example of this cause given by Borum is when a country faces sudden wealth, e.g. from oil, and they experience changes from tribal to high-tech societies during one generation or even less sometimes (Borum, 2003:5). Third cause is historical antecedents of political violence, revolutions, civil wars, dictatorships or even occupation may lower the threshold for acceptance of political violence and terrorism and obstruct the development of non-violent norms among all the segments of the society.an example of this could be, when children are brought up in a society that believes in and celebrates martyrdom, revenge and hatred of other ethnic groups, then it is likely to increase their willingness to commit or support a terrorist act when they grow up (Borum, 2003:5). Fourth cause is the repression by foreign occupation or by colonial powers; this has given rise to many national liberation movements that have pursued recourse in terrorist strategies and other political means (Borum, 2003:5). Last but not least, the fifth cause is the experience of discriminating people on the basis of their ethnic origins or religious backgrounds, is the chief root cause of ethno-nationalist terrorism. When minority people are being deprived from their basic social and economic rights, such as not allowing them to use their language or practice their religion, this can make them commit terrorism and other forms of violence. Psychological research on the causes of terrorism Many scholars have tried to identify different causes of terrorist attacks by focusing on the psychological factor of each individual or the groups itself. A researcher named Jerrold Post was one of the few who analysed the psycho-logic thinking of the individuals who were involved in terrorist attacks, in his article under the title â€Å"The Radical Group in Context: 1. An integrated framework for the analysis of group risk of terrorism† (2002). Post was able to criticize those who think of terrorism as a course of action, and he also argued that the political terrorists commit terrorist crimes or acts of violence because of psychological factors, and that their psycho-logic is created to justify acts they commit psychologically (1990:25). The scholar Marc Sagemen also contributes to the research on psychological causes in his book â€Å"Understanding terror networks† (2004). Sagemen contests the conventional causes often given to explain why a person participates in terrorism, such as poverty, trauma and ignorance, and highlights the importance of social bonds and networks in inspiring individuals’ terrorist activities. His research is unique as such as it is based on personal meetings with Islamic fundamentalists and it therefore brings some new understanding to the field. If we want to talk about empirical analyses of the causes of terrorism, we can refer to a very interesting study by Alan Krueger and Jitka Maleckova under the title â€Å"Education, Poverty and Terrorism: Is there a Causal Connection?† (2003). Based on their article, Krueger and Maleckova disprove the presence of a causal link between poverty or low education and terrorism in Israel/Palestine and in Lebanon. They also state that although the rational choice of participating in a terrorist attack can produce valuable insights, it does not produce a clear answer to the question whether more education and higher income would reduce participating in terrorist attacks (2003:120), their results that were tentative and exploratory, suggest that neither poverty nor education has a direct, causal impact on terrorism. Moreover, the study shows that the level of education of the individuals involved in terrorist attacks is higher than average, those who are wealthier and more educated ma y generate such feelings more intensely. Additionally, the background of the suicide terrorists covers all socio-economic layers of society, further reiterating that â€Å"economic theory is unlikely to give a very convincing answer one way or the other as to whether poverty or low education are important root causes of terrorism† (2003:123). The Trigger Causes of Terrorism We spoke earlier about the root causes of terrorism; in this section we will discuss the trigger causes of terrorism. The very first condition that could be considered as a direct cause of terrorism is the existence of concrete grievances among an identifiable subgroup of a larger population, example is ethnic minority discriminated against by the majority. Second cause terrorism is the lack of opportunity for being engaged politically (Borum, 2003:41). The trigger causes are usually unpredictable; it is usually due to certain government actions that a common pattern emerges for terrorism. Terrorist revenges can thus occur as a result of unexpected use of force by the government, a so-called â€Å"action-reaction syndrome† (Crenshaw 1981: 385). Generally speaking, some provocative events that call for revenge or action may trigger terrorist action, such as contested elections, peace talks, and police violence. The root and trigger causes I have mentioned above are just the most relevant causes that were based on scholarly literature, and with what we mentioned have been ranked from the most general or broad aspects to more specific factors. Gaps in literature on the topic In this section, I will try to identify some gaps that scholars have failed to discuss or identify, and that was missing in the past research on terrorism. One of the main and most important gaps to start with is the definition of the word terrorism, as I mentioned in the introduction, scholars have failed up to this date to come up with an international definition of terrorism, failure to develop a universally acceptable definition. I believe that if scholars fail to have a definition used by all, this will cause other scholars and countries to define terrorism according to the acts and violence attacks they experience. One other unsolved dilemma is whether the concept of political violence should be reserved for destructive harm intended to influence politics, or whether the concept should include any violence that has a political impact.

The death penalty :: essays research papers fc

The Death Penalty There are many crimes that are being committed through out America, burglary, car theft, rape, pick pocketing, and murder. There are many different forms of â€Å"murder†, manslaughter (killing someone without it being previously thought out); vehicular manslaughter (hitting someone with your car and killing them) and other forms of accidental deaths may be thought of in the same sense of â€Å"murder†. The death penalty applies to the murders that are committed violently (murders that are done on purpose). The way to prevent some of these violent murders is to use the death penalty more. Some people say that the death penalty is cruel, unjust and it is in moral. I feel that the death penalty, if it was in forced, would be a deterrent for crime. There are many strengths and weaknesses surrounding the death penalty. There also have been many arguments in favor of the death penalty. In the state of Pennsylvania, a person that commits first degree murder with eighteen aggravating circumstances is able to be sentenced to death. The lethal injection is the means that is used when someone is sentenced to death. There is no real age specified to how old somebody can be before they are sentenced to death. As of July 1, 2001 there was 246 people on death row, 155 (63%) were African American, 75 (30%) were white, 15 (6%) were Latina and 2 (8%) were Asian. A July 2001 Harris Poll founded about four of ten American (42%) felt that capital punishment deters people from committing murders. On the other hand about five of ten American (52%) believed capital punishment does not have much effect. In 1976, when the death penalty was reinstated nearly six of ten (59%) thought capital punishment was a deterrent, compared to just over three in ten (34%) who thought it wasn’t. (Pg 74 The Death Penalty in America) Some of the strengths of the death penalty are that it does not allow violent murders back onto the streets, it deters crimes from would be murders, and it gives comfort to families of murdered victims. By using capital punishment on violent murders it prevents them from reentering society and having a chance to commit a violent act again. If capital punishment was handed down as a punishment then other criminals would think again about committing murder. The death penalty also gives comfort to the families of murdered victim’s by not allowing them (criminals) back onto the streets free to commit another murder.

Two dads are better than none

Life would always have Its way to prove that two is better than one. And partners would always almost remain partners. A spoon would always come with a fork, as a pencil would always have an eraser. A tooth paste would only be used with a tooth brush and a shoe has to be worn with a sock. Such things are typically seen as one. Though mammals the other would be fine, difficulties would still follow. Complete Is synonymous to perfect. And a complete family consists mainly of a father, a mother and their children.Two dads are better than none – a saying that goes against the natural law of marriage when you read between the lines. What happens when a family lacks a mother, and is rather replaced by two dads with their motherly big heart? It may not look complete. It may even seem peculiar. Or worse, unethical. But nothing would be more immoral than hurting someone physically and emotionally. A lot of children nowadays came from a broken family. As a consequence, they suffer depre ssion and attitude problems towards the people around them. They often feel alone and Incomplete.There are also a number of children left in an orphanage for their parents are not responsible and mature enough to keep them. Indeed It Is difficult to live alone or to live with people one Is not related with. And If two men are willing to live together and create a wholesome and loving family for a deserted child, why would I disagree? I personally believe that love knows no boundaries and that it knows no gender. Though I am a Christian, and the bible is strictly against same sex marriage, I find it acceptable but at the same time regrettable for they would never eve their own child.And thus no family of their own. But as I watch the pride march and heard their voices, I came to an understanding that they are happy with those consequences. Having a family with two dads may not be perfect. But the love that will be built inside a house, more likely a home, is enough to make everything complete. The sacrifices that these two men give the moment they decided to adapt a child and make a family may be equal or even more than the sacrifices a mother and a father can provide. For doing so, they are ready to face all discriminations, allInjustices, and all hardships In order to protect their child. They do not only need to be financially-prepared, but most especially emotionally- and mentally-prepared. People do change together with their perspectives. And everyone has all the rights to change. Being gay is not a negative thing. It comes all with acceptance not just by them but also by us. Moreover, being gay is not a hindrance to dream and pursue a family. Two dads are better than none By syllabicating Life would always have its way to prove that two is better than one.And partners Though missing the other would be fine, difficulties would still follow. Complete is alone and incomplete. There are also a number of children left in an orphanage for their parents are not responsible and mature enough to keep them. Indeed it is difficult to live alone or to live with people one is not related with. And if two men are injustices, and all hardships in order to protect their child. They do not only need to change. Being gay is not a negative thing.

Free Essays on Sonnet 116 And 130 From Shakespeare

, imagery, and possible allusions. William Shakespeare uses this technique of tone to describe what love is about. In sonnet 116, he describes love in the most average basic context that has been seen before. However in sonnet 130, Shakespeare uses a totally new technique in describing love. These two different styles or writing ran perpendicular to one another. Not because the message itself conflicted with each other, but because the ways Shakespeare decided to view them were different. Sonnet 116 is basically Shakespeare’s definition of love. He wants to tell people what true love really is. This purpose of this attempts to define love, is more so, and introduction for sonnet 130. Shakespeare believed that "the marriage of true minds" (line 1) is the correct form of love. True love does not change even among changing couples. So no matter how different their personalities are, true love can still exist amongst them. Shakespeare’s idea of ideal love is an attraction that is never changing, and permanent. True love does not simply change to suit a particular situation. It never changes, fades, for even death cant outlast it. It also admits no flaws. He gives examples to demonstrate what love is through metaphors. He says that love is the â€Å"star to every wandering bark.† (line 7). That means that love is a star that never changes position and is never shaken, just as a ship follows a stationary star for directions. True love is immovable and is never to be moved, like the North Star. This is his extreme ideal of romantic love. William Shakespeare also goes on to saying what love is not. He says that love is not prone, or a victim, to time. It does not rely on time like everything on earth does. Though beauty fades in tim... Free Essays on Sonnet 116 And 130 From Shakespeare Free Essays on Sonnet 116 And 130 From Shakespeare Many writers use tone in order to reveal the way he or she feels. It is an attitude that is portrayed to the reader. One can recognize the reader’s tone through their creative words, imagery, and possible allusions. William Shakespeare uses this technique of tone to describe what love is about. In sonnet 116, he describes love in the most average basic context that has been seen before. However in sonnet 130, Shakespeare uses a totally new technique in describing love. These two different styles or writing ran perpendicular to one another. Not because the message itself conflicted with each other, but because the ways Shakespeare decided to view them were different. Sonnet 116 is basically Shakespeare’s definition of love. He wants to tell people what true love really is. This purpose of this attempts to define love, is more so, and introduction for sonnet 130. Shakespeare believed that "the marriage of true minds" (line 1) is the correct form of love. True love does not change even among changing couples. So no matter how different their personalities are, true love can still exist amongst them. Shakespeare’s idea of ideal love is an attraction that is never changing, and permanent. True love does not simply change to suit a particular situation. It never changes, fades, for even death cant outlast it. It also admits no flaws. He gives examples to demonstrate what love is through metaphors. He says that love is the â€Å"star to every wandering bark.† (line 7). That means that love is a star that never changes position and is never shaken, just as a ship follows a stationary star for directions. True love is immovable and is never to be moved, like the North Star. This is his extreme ideal of romantic love. William Shakespeare also goes on to saying what love is not. He says that love is not prone, or a victim, to time. It does not rely on time like everything on earth does. Though beauty fades in tim...

How to Write a Statement of Purpose - Paperell.com

How to Write a Statement of Purpose How to Write a Statement of Purpose DefinitionA statement of purpose is a part of your application that  allows  you to represent yourself to the admissions committee at best.  Writing a statement of purpose  is a time-consuming process that requires a lot of efforts because it showcases you, your professional experience and interests. The admissions committee will make a decision whether to accept you or not based on this information. In the statement of purpose,  you describe your personality, the factors that influenced your career choice, professional interests,  and your plans for  the  future. Usually, students applying for universities are asked to complete a  statement of purpose for graduate school.FormatAs a rule, statement of purpose format  is outlined in the requirements of each university or college. Besides, statement of purpose for masters  and statement of purpose for Ph.D.  are entirely different  because the goals of completing a Master’s and Ph.D.  degrees are alto gether different as well. There are several general recommendations related to format:Full name of a student should be indicated at the top of each page.The proposed field of study should be written at the top of each page.Brief representation of central ideas in a coherent, concise, and transparent manner is required.The desirable length of the statement of purpose is 1-2 pages.The document should be single-spaced.Times New Roman font is used across the document.Font size – 12 or 14.The format of your statement of purpose is essential, but its content is far more critical. All prestigious universities aim to accept the students having the potential for studies and research,  who could be useful for society, can participate in the research conducted by these universities and help increase their academic rankings. Therefore, you should emphasize your accomplishments, extracurricular activities, awards, sports  prowess, academic interests,  and career plans.Here is a brie f outline of the information that should be placed in your statement of purpose once you decided to enter one of the following educational institutions:Caltech – past accomplishments, current research in progress.Cambridge – current accomplishments, academic experiences, the purpose of entering, explain the choice of the university;Harvard – requirements vary depending on the program, the focus on academic achievements, career plans, and personal interests;Massachusetts – requirements vary depending on the program;Oxford – academic interest (80%), abilities, extracurricular activities and achievements (20%);Princeton – academic, personal and professional experiences, future career plans;Stanford – current accomplishments, academic backgrounds, the purpose of entering, compliance to chosen program.All universities require the submission of 100% original statements of purpose. However, you can use statements of purpose completed by othe r students to guide you in the process of writing your own.OutlineOutline the statement of purpose to ease your task. In this way,  you will have a plan of what to write in your statement. By following each point of the outline we propose for your attention, you will cover all  the issues you need to refer to enter the university of your dreams.Usually, the statement of purpose includes the following sections:Past academic, personal and professional experiences and achievementsThis section characterizes your personality and your ability to reach goals set. Most universities would like to see this block in your statement of purpose.The course of studyThis block shows your gradual moving from studies to the In this section,  you can describe the current activities you’re involved in. The information should be well-structured and logically justified.Future careerHere you can outline your  future career plans and intent You may wish to relate your aspirations to your curr ent accomplishments to show the steps taken by you to achieve your goals. The content of this part should be concise and clear.LengthPerhaps, now you’re wondering how long a statement of purpose should be? Well, it depends on the educational institution and many other factors. In general, the length of the graduate school statement of purpose  varies from 500 to 2000 words thus making 1-5 single-spaced pages. The most common length is between 500 and 1000 words. For example, Harvard allows using 14 Times New Roman font, while the majority of universities require using 12 Times New Roman font only. Massachusetts University allows 2000-words maximum length of the statement of purpose, while Oxford, Princeton, Stanford or Cambridge accepts the maximum word count of 1000. At the same time, the maximum length of the statement of purpose at Caltech University is 750 words. However, it’s more important to be clear and concise when stating your principles, goals,  and care er aspirations.Useful TipsHere we offer some useful tips on  how to write a good statement of  purpose for your guidance.Past academic, personal and professional experiences:Browse the internet for the statement of purpose template.  This will give you an idea of how to write it.Start with a â€Å"hook†: admissions committees hope that students are excited to study in the educational institution they are applying. Therefore, show them you’re keen to enter this university by explaining why you’re so motivated. For example, tell them that your  passion for English pushed you to learn irregular verbs all night long.Include research works, undergraduate theses, or senior projects you completed in the past. By including publications you contributed to, presentations and internships you participated in your status will grow in the opinion of the members of the admissions committee.The course of study:Be specific about the field you would like to study;Describe relevant interests.Explain why the institution you’re applying for is the perfect place to fulfill your dreams.Future career:Describe your experiences and interests in the field you want to study in detail;Think about the resources you may need for your future graduate research as you may be asked this question;Be very specific and clear when describing your future career path as the admissions committee will consider only the most goal-centered and persistent candidates.Final NotesForget about modesty when completing your statement of purpose. You need to showcase your personality and achievements at best. Don’t forget to proofread your document and show it to your family or friends to get their opinions. If you know a professor working in a university, you may ask him for help. Also, you should double-check the requirements of the university before you submit your statement of purpose. Check  the  format and consistency of your paper. The statement of purpose is worth your efforts. You will understand it when you receive a long-awaited envelope with a stamp of the university of your dreams.

The British Royal Marine Corps' Influence on The United States Marine Research Paper

The British Royal Marine Corps' Influence on The United States Marine Corps - Research Paper Example This paper is dedicated to the study of British Royal Marine Corps’ influences on the United States Marine Corps. The United States attitudes and reactions to the presence of the British corps in their land. When the British gained control of the United States Maritime, they resulted in treating the United States residents as akin to slaves. Stating that the British treated United States Corps cruelly would be an understatement. This was bound to evoke feelings of reprisal in the community of the United States’ Corps. In order to understand the complexities of the reactions of the United States corps towards the British corps, it is imperative to first analyze the manner in which the British authority treated the Indians. The facts that have been publicized concerning the British rule in United States corps give a glimpse of the sad realities that faced the population of the Briton at that time. With respect to the British population in India at the time, the Indians di d not have any rights. An example of the treatment they faced is best exemplified by the fact that they were not allowed to walk on the sidewalks next to the British. Failure to adhere to this and any other baseless law resulted in the incarceration of the Indian outlaw. It is right to refer to wrongdoers as such since they basically received treatment akin to outlaws. While inside the jails and prisons, the Indians were severely beaten and abused by the commanding British police officers. The treatment of the United Corpse at that time is akin to the treatment of the black population by the Americans in the nineteenth century.

Assessment and Measurement Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assessment and Measurement - Personal Statement Example ying to the JMU’s Assessment and Measurement Doctoral program hoping to enjoy such an enriching academic experience that will enable me to graduate as a global citizen. I am particularly interested in studying Assessment and Measurement at the JMU because of the program’s vision of preparing graduates that meet the increasing require need for quality assurance and accountability not only in education but other sectors such as business, healthcare etc. the programs goals of preparing quality graduates through extensive training that combines both theory and practical, conducting high quality scholarship that enhances knowledge for effective practice and providing services that promote professionalism in assessment & measurement attract me to be part of the JMU community. I hope to graduate from the program equipped with skills in designing assessment strategies, performing empirical investigations of new assessment techniques, analysis of empirical data, proper use of assessment outcomes, appropriate strategies to communicate assessment to different audience types and appropriate response to current & new measures of assessment as the world c ontinues to evolve. Currently I hold a bachelors degree from the Kind Khalid University- College of Education specializing in mathematics and a Master’s degree from the University of King Saud in Statistics. I also have an extensive work experience in public service. I also poses professional certification in project management. I have worked as a consultant with the Institute of Public Administration and the ministry of service since September, 2013. I am also a member of the training team at the IPA, have worked with the Ministry of Education since the year 2004 and statistician at the King Saud University. Given my extensive work as a teacher and trainer with different groups as well as educational background in mathematics & statics as well as professional certification in project management I believe I have the

What It Takes to Be a Volunteer Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What It Takes to Be a Volunteer - Article Example I thoroughly enjoyed the experience because it made me feel special as I was able to impart that special feel within the lives of the people themselves. I found out that by doing good, the conscience gains quite a great deal of satisfaction as it is something that makes me feel satisfied with who I am and what I want to give back to the society in more ways than one. The socio-economic development that took place in Haiti during this time was immense. I learned quite a few aspects related to the socio-economic development domains as these have been very dear to me now. I found out that I can grow my capacity building domains as these had the power to find new pathways and thus translate success into a language of its own in the most basic sense. More than anything else, I aspire to seek my own success through the steps that I undertook and which I plan on taking in the coming times as well, and not just remain limited to the Haiti experience in the sheerest sense. The socio-economic development in times of peace and security are therefore some of the more significant pointers that I will derive from the entire experience of being a volunteer in Haiti. It gave me immense satisfaction to know that I belonged amongst the people who could do something or the other for the people who were in distress and who required a hand at the end of the day, no matter how small the effort turned out to be (Kelloway, 2001). I am of the opinion that some possible ways of encouraging volunteerism are through finding pathways through which the related individuals are contacted so that they can give their best towards the societal domains. This will help them shape up in a better manner than they ought to be without the volunteering role coming to the fore.

Statement of Purpose Essay Example for Free

Statement of Purpose Essay This is an interactive PDF form. Please complete the requested information. When done, you may click on the Print button to create a paper copy. The printed form is to be submitted to the graduate program to which you are applying. Print Statement of Purpose (page 1) Personal History Statement (page 2) Name (as given on the graduate application) Last First Middle Term for which application filed: Proposed Graduate Program Fall year Winter year Spring year Please select program This information must be completed by all applicants for admission and submitted with the application. Please type or print clearly. Statement of Purpose Please state your specific interests with respect to the program to which you are applying. The following information should be included in this statement: 1. Your intended area of specialization, career objectives, and research interests and experience. 2. A brief occupational resume if any significant period has elapsed since you were last enrolled in an academic institution. 3. Academic awards, prizes, honors, fellowships or other distinctions you have received. 4. Work experience or activities pertinent to your graduate goals. 5. If pertinent to your proposed field of study, please list your publications and any scholarly or professional organizations in which you hold membership. 11/07 1 Personal History Statement: This information must be completed by all applicants for admission and submitted with the application. Please type or print clearly. Please note that the Personal History Statement should not duplicate the Statement of Purpose (previous page). In an essay, discuss how your personal background informs your decision to pursue a graduate degree. Please include any educational, familial, cultural, economic, or social experiences, challenges, or opportunities relevant to your academic journey; how you might contribute to social or cultural diversity within your chosen field; and/or how you might serve educationally underrepresented segments of society with your degree. The information I have given above is accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge. Signature of Applicant Term of Application 11/07 Please print name 2.

Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep?

Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep? Having seen written and filmed visions of the future, one would think that by now we would all be moving around on flying skateboards and in hovering cars and that we would have our breakfast served by helpful, patient and understanding robots, under the risk that these robots go berserk and start taking over the world. The people who imagined such a future should have given the world a few more years to develop in such a way since smart-phones and tablet computers are still the most progressive gadgets of today. On the other hand, there are a significant number of cameras and tracking devices following every suspicious move one makes, practically everyone has access to our most intimate data and some governments enabled themselves to make undesirable people disappear  [1]. This would mean that most visionaries were pretty right about the way in which society would (d)evolve, but they were slightly over-optimistic when it came to technological breakthroughs. This is why I find it interesting to read about changes in the world and in the human mind various authors expected to have happened by now because most of them are currently happening, and people are turning away from each other and focusing mainly on themselves and their personal success (by personal success I mean money and power). Philip K. Dick depicted this estrangement in detail in his 1968-novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? and I have been fascinated by it ever since I started playing the videogame Blade Runner when I was 14 years old. For that reason I chose to write about how Dick thought everyday life would look in the year 1992, which is when the novel takes place (on January 3rd, to be precise). First I will give a short outline of the storys plot and analyse the story according to Todorovs criteria of the Fantastic and Brooke-Roses theory of the encoded reader. The major part of this paper will consist of the description of the state of society after World War Terminus, the things that surround the humans who stayed on Earth and those who migrated to colonies on other planets, and of a description of the status of androids per se, as well as compared to electric animals. 1.2. Plot overview and analysis Philip K. Dick (born in 1928) takes us to the year 1992, 24 years after the novel was written. He introduces us to Rick Deckard who works for the San Francisco Police Department as a bounty hunter and whose job is to retire androids (replicants) that have fled from extraterrestrial colonies and come back to Earth. Deckard just received a new challenge to retire six Nexus-6 androids that are almost impossible to discern from real human beings. With the bounty of 1.000 $ per retired andy Rick could finally buy a real animal instead of having just an electric replacement that would embarrass him in front of the neighbours if they ever found out. After facing a few obstacles and intrigues, Deckard finally manages to retire the six replicants in one day, making him the SFPDs best bounty hunter, a role for which Deckard has become too weary after his whole life turned upside down and he lost faith in all the principles that led him through the story. Dick immediately takes us into this new future, he is not offering any rational explanations for why he believes the world would look like this in the future, and the reader doesnt feel the need to ask any questions. According to Todorovs criteria of the fantastic (1975:54-57) this novel fits into the category of the instrumental (scientific) marvellous, since all of the novums (Shippey, 2005 citing Darko Suvin) are introduced as if they were completely normal, everyday things that arent meant to provoke any awe in the reader. The determination of the text is balanced, according to Christine Brook-Roses theory (1981:122-124), which means that the reader is neither over- nor under-determined, he or she receives the same amount of information as the characters in the text, mostly through dialogues and the thoughts of the characters. The novel is one of the dystopian genre, which had its climax after the Second World War, and in which societies worse than those of our time are described (Wegner, 2005:88-91) through topics such as overpopulation, urban decay, environmental catastrophes etc., which were all major concerns in the years when the world was expecting a third World War. Estrangement and alienation between people and the search for identity, or, to be more specific, for what it means to be human are also issues frequently touched upon in this kind of literature. Part II Earth after World War Terminus à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ no one today remembered why the war had come about or who, if anyone, had won. (Dick, 2005:11) These are the words Dick uses to describe the absurdity of war it usually starts due to insignificant reasons and causes pain and loss to everyone involved. There can never be a real winner and the effects are felt for years afterwards. This particular nuclear war completely altered the face of Earth most of the population emigrated to colonies on other planets because their homes got covered by a veil of radioactive dust, most of the vegetation disappeared and animals became extremely rare. This gloomy atmosphere is nicely depicted in the film Blade Runner which was based on the novel, and in which it is clear that the sunlight doesnt even reach the street-level of the city due to all the dust and smog. 2.1. The colonization program Even before World War Terminus had the people of Earth started to move to other planets and build colonies there. But, as Dick writes in Chapter 2, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ now that the Sun had ceased to shine on Earth the colonization entered an entirely new phase. (2005:12) Large amounts of people began to emigrate in the search for a new home where they wouldnt be exposed to radioactive dust and where they could start over and try to live a normal life. The government and the UN encouraged these migrations, their scientists modified the Synthetic Freedom Fighters, a prototype of the android (as described in Chapter 2) which was supposed to assist humans in their migration. Later each human would receive an android servant specially designed to fulfil the needs of its master, as a welcome gift to their new homes. Those who decided to stay on Earth were constantly exposed to radioactive fallout. The remaining population was divided into regulars (those who passed the IQ test and had acceptab le reasons to stay on Earth) and specials (those who were considered to have insufficient mental capabilities, it was forbidden for them to emigrate and they were sterilised because their reproduction was undesirable). Regulars were obligated to visit a doctor on a regular basis, because the dust could soon turn them into specials too. That is why a popular TV slogan says: Emigrate or degenerate! The choice is yours! (2005:5) Earth was no longer safe and the longer one would remain here, the greater the chances were for the dust to take effect. 2.2. Dust and kipple The most important motifs Dick uses to describe the atmosphere on Earth after WWT are silence, dust and kipple. The silence is described in Chapter 2 and it is felt by John Isidore, a special who lives all by himself in a massive empty apartment building. Since most of the population has left Earth, most of the buildings are empty and one can find themselves often being completely alone. Isidore feels the silence radiating from every pore of the building from the appliances that had stopped working years before that, from the walls and from the ceiling. He felt as if the silence possesses a power of its own, as if its goal were to take over all the objects (and people!) and, finally, as if the silence had come alive, to claim its throne among everything there is. Another thing that is slowly occupying the routine on Earth is kipple, a term coined by Dick himself. Kipple are objects such as junk mail or gum wrappers people fail to throw away. Kipple then accumulates and reproduces itself (2005:52), it spreads all over mans daily environment. According to John Isidore, No one can win against kipple, one can try to fight it with non-kipple, but as soon as one surrenders or leaves, kipple will take over and, eventually, completely occupy the universe. Buster Friendly, a popular TV-personality whose importance I will elaborate later in this paper, warned that this would cause the ultimate decadence of Earth by saying: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Earth would die under a layer not of radioactive dust but of kipple. (2005:69) While the accumulation of kipple can at least be postponed, and the silence can be avoided by staying in the city surrounded by people, the dust is one thing that is completely independent of human influence. As already mentioned, the dust is radioactive fallout which remained on Earth after the nuclear war, and which still influences the mental and physical health of the remaining population. The effects of dust are well seen in the description of Hannibal Sloat, Isidores boss: The dust, over the years, had eroded him; it had left his features gray, his thoughts gray; it had shrunk him and made his legs spindly and his gait unsteady. He saw the world through glasses literally dense with dust. For some reason Sloat never cleaned his glasses. It was as if he had given up; he had accepted the radioactive dirt and it had begun its job, long ago, of burying him. (2005:60) The dust cannot be evaded, under its influence humanity on Earth would soon decay, and the only culprit is humanity itself, starting pointless wars and destroying what does not belong to them. Part III Humanitys favourite pastimes Humans would certainly cease to be humans if they would simply surrender to the depression and the silence. Life goes on, and there were things to do, people to judge and rituals to perform. It would be pointless to continue living without being able to take care of a real animal, without fusing with Wilbur Mercer or laughing at Buster Friendlys perpetually interesting jokes. 3.1. Animals The nuclear war wiped out most of the vegetation and almost every animal species known to mankind, starting out with owls and other birds and then affecting the others as well. Being in possession of a real animal is a symbol of status, but it is also an obligation not taking care of an animal and trying to restore the fauna on Earth is considered to be an act of moral turpitude. But real animals cost money, and the prizes are displayed in Sidneys Animal Fowl Catalogue, which is carried around by almost every human being hoping to be able to afford a real animal one day. Until that day, it is a social requirement to at least have a replica, even though it is, as said on page 6, gradually demoralizing. One does not simply admit that their pet is a fake one, which is why even animal repair services have to look like real animal clinics, so that this whole faà §ade can be preserved and no one has to feel bad. People will always strive to earn enough money to buy a real animal still, there is no money in the world that can resurrect extinct species, so even the owl belonging to the powerful Rosen corporation is proved to be a fake in the end. The death of an animal presents a heavy emotional burden for its owners, and it is no exception to have an identical replica of the deceased animal built. 3.2. Mood organs In this reality mood-altering products are either illegal or have to be prescribed by a doctor. In Philip K. Dicks world a Penfield mood organ is a must-have for every household. Using the mood organ that stimulates the brain and alters a persons disposition toward the world, one can choose with what mood they will wake up setting D, for example, makes one feel well-disposed toward the world (2005:1) in the morning. There are several hundred moods one can choose from to schedule for the days ahead, reaching from The desire to watch TV, no matter whats on it (mood 888) to the Awareness of the manifold possibilities open to me in the future (no. 481). By dialling a mood combination on another persons mood organ, one can easily manipulate other people in order to win arguments or persuade them into doing things the dialler wants them to do. One can also dial oneself into a depression and undergo the risk of causing harm to oneself. 3.3. Mercerism Ever since theres been humanity, there have also been religions, cults, belief in deities. In the world of Do Androids?, everyone is under the influence of Wilbur Mercer. By grasping the handles of the empathy box everyone owns, one undergoes a fusion with this old man who is climbing a mountain. The purpose of this ritual is to connect with every other person who is doing this same thing at the moment, to share emotions with others and to exchange the deepest thoughts with Mercer. It is considered polite to use the empathy box when one is feeling truly happy or grateful, and to share these positive feelings with those who might not be as satisfied at the moment. This strengthens empathy, a feeling characteristic of mankind only and a concept that is of utmost importance in the novels world. By holding the handles of empathy (2005:7) one finds out about Mercers past in his childhood he was able to resurrect animals by turning back time, until the killers found out about his talent, forbid him to use it and eventually attacked his brain with radioactive cobalt, which altered Mercers state of mind and at first sunk him into a pit of dead creatures. After a while, the creatures came back to life and Mercer started ascending with them, lost them, and since then he climbs the hill alone. Those who use the empathy box find themselves ascending with Mercer, being hit by rocks supposedly thrown by the killers (an entity of absolute evil) and, through these wounds, feeling Mercers pain and becoming one with him. People, who could not stand this torment which would grow the higher they climbed, have even been known to die during the fusion. Later in the novel, Buster Friendly announces some shocking news: Mercerism is a hoax! Busters team of scientists discovered that the hill and the sky in the scene of Mercers ascent are artificial, that the rocks are made of plastic and that Wilbur Mercer is, in fact, played by an unknown, failed actor. Although this revelation shook the belief of many Mercerites, John Isidore did not stop believing. When he heard the news, he approached the empathy box and once again fused with Mercer, who admitted that everything Buster said was true. However, nothing has changed, Mercer was still there, and so was John Isidore, and Mercer promised to always be there and never judge anyone. Afterwards Mercer begins to appear outside of the empathy box, he manifested himself in front of Rick Deckard to warn him about the androids and to support him. For Mercer everything is easy, he thought, because Mercer accepts everything (2005:182). This is why Mercer says that he himself is not a moral person because he accepts the good and the bad. For that reason he told Deckard it was alright to retire the androids, and Deckard could not comprehend this tolerance of his actions. Towards the end of the novel, Deckard got so tired from everything he had done that, for a moment, he became Mercer, climbing and being hit by real rocks, and nothing except for him existed. According to this, the collective mind of people could bring things into life although they were scientifically disputed. This would mean that empathy is a feeling above the individual, something connecting all the people on a higher level. I will return to the notion of empathy and its significance later. 3.4. Buster Friendly His Friendly Friends Buster Friendly His Friendly Friends is a popular TV and radio programme in the novel. Buster Friendly is a TV-comic beloved throughout the whole Solar System, and John Isidore refers to him as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the most important human being alive, except of course for Wilbur Mercerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (2005:55) Busters show lasts for 23 hours every day, and Isidore finds it peculiar that he has time to tape both the radio and the TV show without ever repeating himself in content. In addition, his guests are always lovely females with whom he always engages in witty, non-repetitive conversations, despite having them in the show every other day. Although Isidore loves Buster, he cannot help being irritated by his constant mocking of Mercerism, and in the end it was Buster who exposed the truth about Mercer, after having announced his exposà © for days. Isidore, despite being a special, came to the sharp conclusion that Buster and Mercer are fighting over the human minds, trying to win ove r as much control over humanity as possible. Isidores boss agrees and considers Buster to be equally as eternal and immortal as Mercer (2005:61). This is proven to be false when the androids admit that Buster is one of them, which means that he has an approximate lifespan of four years. With this the reason for Busters disrespect towards Mercer is explained androids cannot comprehend the notion of empathy, and to them something that connects the humans in such a way is simply ridiculous. Part IV Androids The first humanoid robots were called Synthetic Freedom Fighters and they served as a weapon of war (2005:12). After the war ended, they were modified in order to assist in the colonization program, and later they became one of the motives for emigrating each emigrant would receive an android subtype of their choice, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and, by 1990, the variety of subtypes surpassed all understanding, in the manner of American automobiles of the 1960s.(2005:12) One could order an android to be a servant or cheap (or rather free) labour, it would be designed to fulfil all of its owners needs. Even though they resemble humans and often act like them, androids are considered unequal people refer to them as andys and they use the neutral form it to talk about them. From time to time it would occur that a group of androids rebels and decides to go to Earth, after having killed the people who were standing in their way to freedom. This is where Rick Deckard and the other bounty hunters come in their job is to track down, test and retire the returned androids. The job is quite risky, but the bounty makes it worth the risk. And, since androids lack the capacity of empathy, they are inferior to human beings and thus perfectly legal to kill. Certainly, a bounty hunter is not allowed to simply run around and laser his suspects first he has to test whether they really are androids or not, and this is done with the Voigt-Kampff Altered Scale. 4.1. The Voigt-Kampff Test The Voigt-Kampff scale was designed to determine whether the subject being tested is a human or an android. The test equipment resembles a polygraph and it is supposed to measure the level of empathy and affect in the subjects. The principle is that only humans, who are used to undergoing the fusion with Mercer, are capable of feeling empathy. It is not entirely reliable because, as Deckards boss explains on page 30, the test could easily label schizoid or schizophrenic persons as androids due to their equally unempathic reactions. The SFPD is worried that the test will fail to work on the new model of androids, Nexus 6, which would leave them without a dependable method for detecting androids. The test uses two gauges to establish the movement of the eye-muscle and capillary reaction. The examiner presents the subjects with various hypothetical situations, and the subject has to respond accordingly. When, for example, he or she presents the following situation: You have a little boy and he shows you his butterfly collection, including his killing jar. (2005:38), the examiner is trying to determine how and whether the subject will react to the situation of butterflies being killed. The verbal response is utterly unimportant in this case, only the physical reaction matters, because it cannot be consciously controlled. The largest problem arises when the android does not now that he or she is an android. In this case, it takes many more test questions to determine the truth. If, after that, the examiner is still uncertain, the subject can be admitted to a bone marrow test which is slow and painful when applied to living subjects, but it is also the only bullet-proof method. 4.2. The Nexus-6 model Nexus-6 is an android model designed by the Rosen association, a major manufacturer of androids. According to Eldon Rosen, the colonist market demanded a progressive form of android, which would resemble a real human almost completely, so as to be the ultimate companion in the process of colonisation. The brain structure of the Nexus-6 is extremely complex, they à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦have two trillion constituents plus a choice within a range of ten million possible combinations of cerebral activity. In .45 of a second an android equipped with such a brain structure could assume any of fourteen basic reaction postures. (2005:23) The Nexus-6 is intelligent, fast, skilful, and it can barely be distinguished from real humans. Deckard is afraid of them for that reason because they almost undermined the Voigt-Kampff scale, the only method he knows that is adequate for detecting androids. His weak point are especially the female Nexus-6 Rachael, whom he slept with, Pris, who looked exactly like Rachael so it was hard for him to kill her, and Luba Luft, whose opera-singing and taste in art fascinated him, and for whom he thought that she seemed genuinely alive (2005:112). As John Isidore said (2005:129), the Nexus-6 are intellectual and able to thing abstractly, which is why they are so diffi cult to distinguish from humans. This is also what motivated the group of androids Deckard was after in the novel being equally (or even more) intelligent to humans was not enough. They wanted to feel the sensation of togetherness and be considered alive, and not just as mere machines. 4.3. Androids vs. humans: Empathy Empathy is the main notion in the novel, it is what defines people as people and it is the only positive thing that was left after World War Terminus. As a matter of fact, it is the only thing stopping humans from starting new wars and completely self-destructing. The fusion with Mercer is therefore highly important, in that it strengthens empathy between persons who do not even know each other, but who at that moment became one with Mercer and everyone else. Dick sees man as a herd animal (2005:24), and the whole herd depends on every single unit. Other animals, mostly those who depend on hunting, would starve if they felt empathy, because they would feel reluctant to kill their victim. Androids are incapable of empathising. They can develop a sense of identification (as Rachael did with Pris, since they are the same type of android) and they can wish to be alive (in the film Blade Runner the android Roy Batty was driven solely by the wish to live longer than 4 years; when he found out this was impossible, he became furious and killed his maker), but they will never be able to feel what a human being feels. Because of this lack, androids often react mercilessly. For Rick Deckard an escaped humanoid robot, which had killed its master, which had been equipped with an intelligence greater than that of many human beings, which had no regard for animals, which possessed no ability to feel empathic joy for another life forms success or grief at its defeat that, for him, epitomized The Killers. (2005:25) According to this, Deckard does not see androids as being merely different or inferior, no, he sees them as the ultimate enemy of Mercerism and everything human, and therefore it is not morally wrong to retire them. He also compares them to electric animals, feeling contempt towards both species. The electric animal does not appreciate the existence of another being (2005:34) and neither does the android. In the end, one can without any problems be considered as the inferior or superior version of the other. The androids are aware of the difference between them and humans. When Isidore took them in, they knew that, unlike Isidore, a fellow android would have turned them in first thing in the morning. Deckard also noticed that there exists no real sense of unity between androids when Garland had no problem with blowing the cover on the whole alternative police department. Something that is a moral taboo for humans, such as making an animal suffer, is no problem for an android who thinks completely logically if a spider could survive and move around with only four legs, then why does it need the other four? (2005:162) Some other characteristics that distinguish androids from people can be found in the novel. Firstly, in life-threatening situations, they would simply resign, as if all their life force was gone: Mechanical, intellectual acceptance of that which a genuine organism with two billion years of the pressure to live and evolve hagriding it could never have reconciled itself to. (2005:157) So, maybe in these situations, androids feel as if they had never even been really alive, and therefore easily resign to the fact that they are going to die. Secondly, Roy Baty let Deckard into the apartment when Deckard pretended to be John Isidore Deckard later calls androids stupid (2005:178) because they obviously could not distinguish the nuances between two completely different human beings. They also miss some common knowledge that humans have for instance, when Pris didnt know what bean curd (tofu) was (2005:118), and she was aware that that was something only an android wouldnt know so they would always raise a certain degree of suspicion, no matter how well they would adjust. Androids are yet another example of man wanting to play God, and as long as he can acquire enough money doing this, he will be hard to stop. The market required androids to look as authentic as possible, and the Rosen association complied with these requirements. So they created beings completely aware of themselves, with the ability to think and comprehend, but unable to control their physical, sensual passions (2005:154) a time bomb ready to explode any second, a time bomb that has been denigrated since the moment it came into existence. Therefore I can empathise with the androids actions in a way, because they just wanted to be treated the same as real human beings, and it is no surprise they were happy when Buster revealed that Mercerism, and maybe even empathy, was just a swindle. Now humans wouldnt have an advantage over androids anymore. But, as it always happens, it was easier for the humans to kill off their problems rather than solve them in a non-violent manner, or maybe even (but that would just be too radical) learn from their mistakes and cease to do them. Conclusion After World War II, it was no surprise that most authors lost their faith in humanity. One could not simply witness what one human being is capable of doing to another and then stay completely indifferent. There was only one thing left to do write a novel and try to warn the world about the possible consequences of its behaviour. This is precisely what Philip K. Dick has done. In every aspect of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? can we see criticism towards society: Deckards relationship with his wife, with whom he barely converses (they do talk, but there is no real communication behind that) and who voluntarily falls into a depression just so she could feel something; the Rosen association, producing androids so similar to humans, that it could easily happen that a real human gets retired instead of an android, just for the sake of profit; the commercials, aggressively inviting people to emigrate and start a new life with their custom android servant. Dick knows that the more people grow distant from each other and focus on their own needs, the higher the chances are for a new war which would bring societys doom. Luckily, there is a way out, something that should connect each one of us and something they should start teaching in kindergarten. It is called empathy, and it is one of the things that distinguish us from other species, in fact, according to Dick, it is the only thing that can actually prove that we are humans, and not just human machines. If we could just work on that, and have a bit more respect for other peoples feelings, maybe human would stop degenerating into a pejorative term and start standing for a being that is rational, civilised and empathic again. Works cited and consulted Brooke-Rose, Christine. A Rhetoric of the Unreal.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 122-124. pdf Dick, Philip K. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? London: Orion Books Ltd, 2010 (1968). Print. Jackson, Rosemary. Fantasy. The Literature of Subversion. London, New York: Routledge, 1981. 24-36. pdf Palmer, Christopher. Philip K. Dick. A Companion to Science Fiction. Ed. David Seed. Blackwell, 2005. 389-397. pdf Shippey, Tom. Hard Reading: The Challenges of Science Fiction. A Companion to Science Fiction. Ed. David Seed. Blackwell, 2005. 14-15. pdf Todorov, Tzvetan. The Fantastic. A Structural Approach to a Literary Genre. New York: Cornell University Press, 1975. 54-57. pdf Wegner, Philip E. Utopia. A Companion to Science Fiction. Ed. David Seed. Blackwell, 2005. 88-91. pdf