What It Takes to Be a Volunteer Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What It Takes to Be a Volunteer - Article Example I thoroughly enjoyed the experience because it made me feel special as I was able to impart that special feel within the lives of the people themselves. I found out that by doing good, the conscience gains quite a great deal of satisfaction as it is something that makes me feel satisfied with who I am and what I want to give back to the society in more ways than one. The socio-economic development that took place in Haiti during this time was immense. I learned quite a few aspects related to the socio-economic development domains as these have been very dear to me now. I found out that I can grow my capacity building domains as these had the power to find new pathways and thus translate success into a language of its own in the most basic sense. More than anything else, I aspire to seek my own success through the steps that I undertook and which I plan on taking in the coming times as well, and not just remain limited to the Haiti experience in the sheerest sense. The socio-economic development in times of peace and security are therefore some of the more significant pointers that I will derive from the entire experience of being a volunteer in Haiti. It gave me immense satisfaction to know that I belonged amongst the people who could do something or the other for the people who were in distress and who required a hand at the end of the day, no matter how small the effort turned out to be (Kelloway, 2001). I am of the opinion that some possible ways of encouraging volunteerism are through finding pathways through which the related individuals are contacted so that they can give their best towards the societal domains. This will help them shape up in a better manner than they ought to be without the volunteering role coming to the fore.

Statement of Purpose Essay Example for Free

Statement of Purpose Essay This is an interactive PDF form. Please complete the requested information. When done, you may click on the Print button to create a paper copy. The printed form is to be submitted to the graduate program to which you are applying. Print Statement of Purpose (page 1) Personal History Statement (page 2) Name (as given on the graduate application) Last First Middle Term for which application filed: Proposed Graduate Program Fall year Winter year Spring year Please select program This information must be completed by all applicants for admission and submitted with the application. Please type or print clearly. Statement of Purpose Please state your specific interests with respect to the program to which you are applying. The following information should be included in this statement: 1. Your intended area of specialization, career objectives, and research interests and experience. 2. A brief occupational resume if any significant period has elapsed since you were last enrolled in an academic institution. 3. Academic awards, prizes, honors, fellowships or other distinctions you have received. 4. Work experience or activities pertinent to your graduate goals. 5. If pertinent to your proposed field of study, please list your publications and any scholarly or professional organizations in which you hold membership. 11/07 1 Personal History Statement: This information must be completed by all applicants for admission and submitted with the application. Please type or print clearly. Please note that the Personal History Statement should not duplicate the Statement of Purpose (previous page). In an essay, discuss how your personal background informs your decision to pursue a graduate degree. Please include any educational, familial, cultural, economic, or social experiences, challenges, or opportunities relevant to your academic journey; how you might contribute to social or cultural diversity within your chosen field; and/or how you might serve educationally underrepresented segments of society with your degree. The information I have given above is accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge. Signature of Applicant Term of Application 11/07 Please print name 2.

Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep?

Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep? Having seen written and filmed visions of the future, one would think that by now we would all be moving around on flying skateboards and in hovering cars and that we would have our breakfast served by helpful, patient and understanding robots, under the risk that these robots go berserk and start taking over the world. The people who imagined such a future should have given the world a few more years to develop in such a way since smart-phones and tablet computers are still the most progressive gadgets of today. On the other hand, there are a significant number of cameras and tracking devices following every suspicious move one makes, practically everyone has access to our most intimate data and some governments enabled themselves to make undesirable people disappear  [1]. This would mean that most visionaries were pretty right about the way in which society would (d)evolve, but they were slightly over-optimistic when it came to technological breakthroughs. This is why I find it interesting to read about changes in the world and in the human mind various authors expected to have happened by now because most of them are currently happening, and people are turning away from each other and focusing mainly on themselves and their personal success (by personal success I mean money and power). Philip K. Dick depicted this estrangement in detail in his 1968-novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? and I have been fascinated by it ever since I started playing the videogame Blade Runner when I was 14 years old. For that reason I chose to write about how Dick thought everyday life would look in the year 1992, which is when the novel takes place (on January 3rd, to be precise). First I will give a short outline of the storys plot and analyse the story according to Todorovs criteria of the Fantastic and Brooke-Roses theory of the encoded reader. The major part of this paper will consist of the description of the state of society after World War Terminus, the things that surround the humans who stayed on Earth and those who migrated to colonies on other planets, and of a description of the status of androids per se, as well as compared to electric animals. 1.2. Plot overview and analysis Philip K. Dick (born in 1928) takes us to the year 1992, 24 years after the novel was written. He introduces us to Rick Deckard who works for the San Francisco Police Department as a bounty hunter and whose job is to retire androids (replicants) that have fled from extraterrestrial colonies and come back to Earth. Deckard just received a new challenge to retire six Nexus-6 androids that are almost impossible to discern from real human beings. With the bounty of 1.000 $ per retired andy Rick could finally buy a real animal instead of having just an electric replacement that would embarrass him in front of the neighbours if they ever found out. After facing a few obstacles and intrigues, Deckard finally manages to retire the six replicants in one day, making him the SFPDs best bounty hunter, a role for which Deckard has become too weary after his whole life turned upside down and he lost faith in all the principles that led him through the story. Dick immediately takes us into this new future, he is not offering any rational explanations for why he believes the world would look like this in the future, and the reader doesnt feel the need to ask any questions. According to Todorovs criteria of the fantastic (1975:54-57) this novel fits into the category of the instrumental (scientific) marvellous, since all of the novums (Shippey, 2005 citing Darko Suvin) are introduced as if they were completely normal, everyday things that arent meant to provoke any awe in the reader. The determination of the text is balanced, according to Christine Brook-Roses theory (1981:122-124), which means that the reader is neither over- nor under-determined, he or she receives the same amount of information as the characters in the text, mostly through dialogues and the thoughts of the characters. The novel is one of the dystopian genre, which had its climax after the Second World War, and in which societies worse than those of our time are described (Wegner, 2005:88-91) through topics such as overpopulation, urban decay, environmental catastrophes etc., which were all major concerns in the years when the world was expecting a third World War. Estrangement and alienation between people and the search for identity, or, to be more specific, for what it means to be human are also issues frequently touched upon in this kind of literature. Part II Earth after World War Terminus à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ no one today remembered why the war had come about or who, if anyone, had won. (Dick, 2005:11) These are the words Dick uses to describe the absurdity of war it usually starts due to insignificant reasons and causes pain and loss to everyone involved. There can never be a real winner and the effects are felt for years afterwards. This particular nuclear war completely altered the face of Earth most of the population emigrated to colonies on other planets because their homes got covered by a veil of radioactive dust, most of the vegetation disappeared and animals became extremely rare. This gloomy atmosphere is nicely depicted in the film Blade Runner which was based on the novel, and in which it is clear that the sunlight doesnt even reach the street-level of the city due to all the dust and smog. 2.1. The colonization program Even before World War Terminus had the people of Earth started to move to other planets and build colonies there. But, as Dick writes in Chapter 2, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ now that the Sun had ceased to shine on Earth the colonization entered an entirely new phase. (2005:12) Large amounts of people began to emigrate in the search for a new home where they wouldnt be exposed to radioactive dust and where they could start over and try to live a normal life. The government and the UN encouraged these migrations, their scientists modified the Synthetic Freedom Fighters, a prototype of the android (as described in Chapter 2) which was supposed to assist humans in their migration. Later each human would receive an android servant specially designed to fulfil the needs of its master, as a welcome gift to their new homes. Those who decided to stay on Earth were constantly exposed to radioactive fallout. The remaining population was divided into regulars (those who passed the IQ test and had acceptab le reasons to stay on Earth) and specials (those who were considered to have insufficient mental capabilities, it was forbidden for them to emigrate and they were sterilised because their reproduction was undesirable). Regulars were obligated to visit a doctor on a regular basis, because the dust could soon turn them into specials too. That is why a popular TV slogan says: Emigrate or degenerate! The choice is yours! (2005:5) Earth was no longer safe and the longer one would remain here, the greater the chances were for the dust to take effect. 2.2. Dust and kipple The most important motifs Dick uses to describe the atmosphere on Earth after WWT are silence, dust and kipple. The silence is described in Chapter 2 and it is felt by John Isidore, a special who lives all by himself in a massive empty apartment building. Since most of the population has left Earth, most of the buildings are empty and one can find themselves often being completely alone. Isidore feels the silence radiating from every pore of the building from the appliances that had stopped working years before that, from the walls and from the ceiling. He felt as if the silence possesses a power of its own, as if its goal were to take over all the objects (and people!) and, finally, as if the silence had come alive, to claim its throne among everything there is. Another thing that is slowly occupying the routine on Earth is kipple, a term coined by Dick himself. Kipple are objects such as junk mail or gum wrappers people fail to throw away. Kipple then accumulates and reproduces itself (2005:52), it spreads all over mans daily environment. According to John Isidore, No one can win against kipple, one can try to fight it with non-kipple, but as soon as one surrenders or leaves, kipple will take over and, eventually, completely occupy the universe. Buster Friendly, a popular TV-personality whose importance I will elaborate later in this paper, warned that this would cause the ultimate decadence of Earth by saying: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Earth would die under a layer not of radioactive dust but of kipple. (2005:69) While the accumulation of kipple can at least be postponed, and the silence can be avoided by staying in the city surrounded by people, the dust is one thing that is completely independent of human influence. As already mentioned, the dust is radioactive fallout which remained on Earth after the nuclear war, and which still influences the mental and physical health of the remaining population. The effects of dust are well seen in the description of Hannibal Sloat, Isidores boss: The dust, over the years, had eroded him; it had left his features gray, his thoughts gray; it had shrunk him and made his legs spindly and his gait unsteady. He saw the world through glasses literally dense with dust. For some reason Sloat never cleaned his glasses. It was as if he had given up; he had accepted the radioactive dirt and it had begun its job, long ago, of burying him. (2005:60) The dust cannot be evaded, under its influence humanity on Earth would soon decay, and the only culprit is humanity itself, starting pointless wars and destroying what does not belong to them. Part III Humanitys favourite pastimes Humans would certainly cease to be humans if they would simply surrender to the depression and the silence. Life goes on, and there were things to do, people to judge and rituals to perform. It would be pointless to continue living without being able to take care of a real animal, without fusing with Wilbur Mercer or laughing at Buster Friendlys perpetually interesting jokes. 3.1. Animals The nuclear war wiped out most of the vegetation and almost every animal species known to mankind, starting out with owls and other birds and then affecting the others as well. Being in possession of a real animal is a symbol of status, but it is also an obligation not taking care of an animal and trying to restore the fauna on Earth is considered to be an act of moral turpitude. But real animals cost money, and the prizes are displayed in Sidneys Animal Fowl Catalogue, which is carried around by almost every human being hoping to be able to afford a real animal one day. Until that day, it is a social requirement to at least have a replica, even though it is, as said on page 6, gradually demoralizing. One does not simply admit that their pet is a fake one, which is why even animal repair services have to look like real animal clinics, so that this whole faà §ade can be preserved and no one has to feel bad. People will always strive to earn enough money to buy a real animal still, there is no money in the world that can resurrect extinct species, so even the owl belonging to the powerful Rosen corporation is proved to be a fake in the end. The death of an animal presents a heavy emotional burden for its owners, and it is no exception to have an identical replica of the deceased animal built. 3.2. Mood organs In this reality mood-altering products are either illegal or have to be prescribed by a doctor. In Philip K. Dicks world a Penfield mood organ is a must-have for every household. Using the mood organ that stimulates the brain and alters a persons disposition toward the world, one can choose with what mood they will wake up setting D, for example, makes one feel well-disposed toward the world (2005:1) in the morning. There are several hundred moods one can choose from to schedule for the days ahead, reaching from The desire to watch TV, no matter whats on it (mood 888) to the Awareness of the manifold possibilities open to me in the future (no. 481). By dialling a mood combination on another persons mood organ, one can easily manipulate other people in order to win arguments or persuade them into doing things the dialler wants them to do. One can also dial oneself into a depression and undergo the risk of causing harm to oneself. 3.3. Mercerism Ever since theres been humanity, there have also been religions, cults, belief in deities. In the world of Do Androids?, everyone is under the influence of Wilbur Mercer. By grasping the handles of the empathy box everyone owns, one undergoes a fusion with this old man who is climbing a mountain. The purpose of this ritual is to connect with every other person who is doing this same thing at the moment, to share emotions with others and to exchange the deepest thoughts with Mercer. It is considered polite to use the empathy box when one is feeling truly happy or grateful, and to share these positive feelings with those who might not be as satisfied at the moment. This strengthens empathy, a feeling characteristic of mankind only and a concept that is of utmost importance in the novels world. By holding the handles of empathy (2005:7) one finds out about Mercers past in his childhood he was able to resurrect animals by turning back time, until the killers found out about his talent, forbid him to use it and eventually attacked his brain with radioactive cobalt, which altered Mercers state of mind and at first sunk him into a pit of dead creatures. After a while, the creatures came back to life and Mercer started ascending with them, lost them, and since then he climbs the hill alone. Those who use the empathy box find themselves ascending with Mercer, being hit by rocks supposedly thrown by the killers (an entity of absolute evil) and, through these wounds, feeling Mercers pain and becoming one with him. People, who could not stand this torment which would grow the higher they climbed, have even been known to die during the fusion. Later in the novel, Buster Friendly announces some shocking news: Mercerism is a hoax! Busters team of scientists discovered that the hill and the sky in the scene of Mercers ascent are artificial, that the rocks are made of plastic and that Wilbur Mercer is, in fact, played by an unknown, failed actor. Although this revelation shook the belief of many Mercerites, John Isidore did not stop believing. When he heard the news, he approached the empathy box and once again fused with Mercer, who admitted that everything Buster said was true. However, nothing has changed, Mercer was still there, and so was John Isidore, and Mercer promised to always be there and never judge anyone. Afterwards Mercer begins to appear outside of the empathy box, he manifested himself in front of Rick Deckard to warn him about the androids and to support him. For Mercer everything is easy, he thought, because Mercer accepts everything (2005:182). This is why Mercer says that he himself is not a moral person because he accepts the good and the bad. For that reason he told Deckard it was alright to retire the androids, and Deckard could not comprehend this tolerance of his actions. Towards the end of the novel, Deckard got so tired from everything he had done that, for a moment, he became Mercer, climbing and being hit by real rocks, and nothing except for him existed. According to this, the collective mind of people could bring things into life although they were scientifically disputed. This would mean that empathy is a feeling above the individual, something connecting all the people on a higher level. I will return to the notion of empathy and its significance later. 3.4. Buster Friendly His Friendly Friends Buster Friendly His Friendly Friends is a popular TV and radio programme in the novel. Buster Friendly is a TV-comic beloved throughout the whole Solar System, and John Isidore refers to him as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the most important human being alive, except of course for Wilbur Mercerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (2005:55) Busters show lasts for 23 hours every day, and Isidore finds it peculiar that he has time to tape both the radio and the TV show without ever repeating himself in content. In addition, his guests are always lovely females with whom he always engages in witty, non-repetitive conversations, despite having them in the show every other day. Although Isidore loves Buster, he cannot help being irritated by his constant mocking of Mercerism, and in the end it was Buster who exposed the truth about Mercer, after having announced his exposà © for days. Isidore, despite being a special, came to the sharp conclusion that Buster and Mercer are fighting over the human minds, trying to win ove r as much control over humanity as possible. Isidores boss agrees and considers Buster to be equally as eternal and immortal as Mercer (2005:61). This is proven to be false when the androids admit that Buster is one of them, which means that he has an approximate lifespan of four years. With this the reason for Busters disrespect towards Mercer is explained androids cannot comprehend the notion of empathy, and to them something that connects the humans in such a way is simply ridiculous. Part IV Androids The first humanoid robots were called Synthetic Freedom Fighters and they served as a weapon of war (2005:12). After the war ended, they were modified in order to assist in the colonization program, and later they became one of the motives for emigrating each emigrant would receive an android subtype of their choice, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and, by 1990, the variety of subtypes surpassed all understanding, in the manner of American automobiles of the 1960s.(2005:12) One could order an android to be a servant or cheap (or rather free) labour, it would be designed to fulfil all of its owners needs. Even though they resemble humans and often act like them, androids are considered unequal people refer to them as andys and they use the neutral form it to talk about them. From time to time it would occur that a group of androids rebels and decides to go to Earth, after having killed the people who were standing in their way to freedom. This is where Rick Deckard and the other bounty hunters come in their job is to track down, test and retire the returned androids. The job is quite risky, but the bounty makes it worth the risk. And, since androids lack the capacity of empathy, they are inferior to human beings and thus perfectly legal to kill. Certainly, a bounty hunter is not allowed to simply run around and laser his suspects first he has to test whether they really are androids or not, and this is done with the Voigt-Kampff Altered Scale. 4.1. The Voigt-Kampff Test The Voigt-Kampff scale was designed to determine whether the subject being tested is a human or an android. The test equipment resembles a polygraph and it is supposed to measure the level of empathy and affect in the subjects. The principle is that only humans, who are used to undergoing the fusion with Mercer, are capable of feeling empathy. It is not entirely reliable because, as Deckards boss explains on page 30, the test could easily label schizoid or schizophrenic persons as androids due to their equally unempathic reactions. The SFPD is worried that the test will fail to work on the new model of androids, Nexus 6, which would leave them without a dependable method for detecting androids. The test uses two gauges to establish the movement of the eye-muscle and capillary reaction. The examiner presents the subjects with various hypothetical situations, and the subject has to respond accordingly. When, for example, he or she presents the following situation: You have a little boy and he shows you his butterfly collection, including his killing jar. (2005:38), the examiner is trying to determine how and whether the subject will react to the situation of butterflies being killed. The verbal response is utterly unimportant in this case, only the physical reaction matters, because it cannot be consciously controlled. The largest problem arises when the android does not now that he or she is an android. In this case, it takes many more test questions to determine the truth. If, after that, the examiner is still uncertain, the subject can be admitted to a bone marrow test which is slow and painful when applied to living subjects, but it is also the only bullet-proof method. 4.2. The Nexus-6 model Nexus-6 is an android model designed by the Rosen association, a major manufacturer of androids. According to Eldon Rosen, the colonist market demanded a progressive form of android, which would resemble a real human almost completely, so as to be the ultimate companion in the process of colonisation. The brain structure of the Nexus-6 is extremely complex, they à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦have two trillion constituents plus a choice within a range of ten million possible combinations of cerebral activity. In .45 of a second an android equipped with such a brain structure could assume any of fourteen basic reaction postures. (2005:23) The Nexus-6 is intelligent, fast, skilful, and it can barely be distinguished from real humans. Deckard is afraid of them for that reason because they almost undermined the Voigt-Kampff scale, the only method he knows that is adequate for detecting androids. His weak point are especially the female Nexus-6 Rachael, whom he slept with, Pris, who looked exactly like Rachael so it was hard for him to kill her, and Luba Luft, whose opera-singing and taste in art fascinated him, and for whom he thought that she seemed genuinely alive (2005:112). As John Isidore said (2005:129), the Nexus-6 are intellectual and able to thing abstractly, which is why they are so diffi cult to distinguish from humans. This is also what motivated the group of androids Deckard was after in the novel being equally (or even more) intelligent to humans was not enough. They wanted to feel the sensation of togetherness and be considered alive, and not just as mere machines. 4.3. Androids vs. humans: Empathy Empathy is the main notion in the novel, it is what defines people as people and it is the only positive thing that was left after World War Terminus. As a matter of fact, it is the only thing stopping humans from starting new wars and completely self-destructing. The fusion with Mercer is therefore highly important, in that it strengthens empathy between persons who do not even know each other, but who at that moment became one with Mercer and everyone else. Dick sees man as a herd animal (2005:24), and the whole herd depends on every single unit. Other animals, mostly those who depend on hunting, would starve if they felt empathy, because they would feel reluctant to kill their victim. Androids are incapable of empathising. They can develop a sense of identification (as Rachael did with Pris, since they are the same type of android) and they can wish to be alive (in the film Blade Runner the android Roy Batty was driven solely by the wish to live longer than 4 years; when he found out this was impossible, he became furious and killed his maker), but they will never be able to feel what a human being feels. Because of this lack, androids often react mercilessly. For Rick Deckard an escaped humanoid robot, which had killed its master, which had been equipped with an intelligence greater than that of many human beings, which had no regard for animals, which possessed no ability to feel empathic joy for another life forms success or grief at its defeat that, for him, epitomized The Killers. (2005:25) According to this, Deckard does not see androids as being merely different or inferior, no, he sees them as the ultimate enemy of Mercerism and everything human, and therefore it is not morally wrong to retire them. He also compares them to electric animals, feeling contempt towards both species. The electric animal does not appreciate the existence of another being (2005:34) and neither does the android. In the end, one can without any problems be considered as the inferior or superior version of the other. The androids are aware of the difference between them and humans. When Isidore took them in, they knew that, unlike Isidore, a fellow android would have turned them in first thing in the morning. Deckard also noticed that there exists no real sense of unity between androids when Garland had no problem with blowing the cover on the whole alternative police department. Something that is a moral taboo for humans, such as making an animal suffer, is no problem for an android who thinks completely logically if a spider could survive and move around with only four legs, then why does it need the other four? (2005:162) Some other characteristics that distinguish androids from people can be found in the novel. Firstly, in life-threatening situations, they would simply resign, as if all their life force was gone: Mechanical, intellectual acceptance of that which a genuine organism with two billion years of the pressure to live and evolve hagriding it could never have reconciled itself to. (2005:157) So, maybe in these situations, androids feel as if they had never even been really alive, and therefore easily resign to the fact that they are going to die. Secondly, Roy Baty let Deckard into the apartment when Deckard pretended to be John Isidore Deckard later calls androids stupid (2005:178) because they obviously could not distinguish the nuances between two completely different human beings. They also miss some common knowledge that humans have for instance, when Pris didnt know what bean curd (tofu) was (2005:118), and she was aware that that was something only an android wouldnt know so they would always raise a certain degree of suspicion, no matter how well they would adjust. Androids are yet another example of man wanting to play God, and as long as he can acquire enough money doing this, he will be hard to stop. The market required androids to look as authentic as possible, and the Rosen association complied with these requirements. So they created beings completely aware of themselves, with the ability to think and comprehend, but unable to control their physical, sensual passions (2005:154) a time bomb ready to explode any second, a time bomb that has been denigrated since the moment it came into existence. Therefore I can empathise with the androids actions in a way, because they just wanted to be treated the same as real human beings, and it is no surprise they were happy when Buster revealed that Mercerism, and maybe even empathy, was just a swindle. Now humans wouldnt have an advantage over androids anymore. But, as it always happens, it was easier for the humans to kill off their problems rather than solve them in a non-violent manner, or maybe even (but that would just be too radical) learn from their mistakes and cease to do them. Conclusion After World War II, it was no surprise that most authors lost their faith in humanity. One could not simply witness what one human being is capable of doing to another and then stay completely indifferent. There was only one thing left to do write a novel and try to warn the world about the possible consequences of its behaviour. This is precisely what Philip K. Dick has done. In every aspect of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? can we see criticism towards society: Deckards relationship with his wife, with whom he barely converses (they do talk, but there is no real communication behind that) and who voluntarily falls into a depression just so she could feel something; the Rosen association, producing androids so similar to humans, that it could easily happen that a real human gets retired instead of an android, just for the sake of profit; the commercials, aggressively inviting people to emigrate and start a new life with their custom android servant. Dick knows that the more people grow distant from each other and focus on their own needs, the higher the chances are for a new war which would bring societys doom. Luckily, there is a way out, something that should connect each one of us and something they should start teaching in kindergarten. It is called empathy, and it is one of the things that distinguish us from other species, in fact, according to Dick, it is the only thing that can actually prove that we are humans, and not just human machines. If we could just work on that, and have a bit more respect for other peoples feelings, maybe human would stop degenerating into a pejorative term and start standing for a being that is rational, civilised and empathic again. Works cited and consulted Brooke-Rose, Christine. A Rhetoric of the Unreal.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 122-124. pdf Dick, Philip K. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? London: Orion Books Ltd, 2010 (1968). Print. Jackson, Rosemary. Fantasy. The Literature of Subversion. London, New York: Routledge, 1981. 24-36. pdf Palmer, Christopher. Philip K. Dick. A Companion to Science Fiction. Ed. David Seed. Blackwell, 2005. 389-397. pdf Shippey, Tom. Hard Reading: The Challenges of Science Fiction. A Companion to Science Fiction. Ed. David Seed. Blackwell, 2005. 14-15. pdf Todorov, Tzvetan. The Fantastic. A Structural Approach to a Literary Genre. New York: Cornell University Press, 1975. 54-57. pdf Wegner, Philip E. Utopia. A Companion to Science Fiction. Ed. David Seed. Blackwell, 2005. 88-91. pdf

African American & Societys Influence Essay -- essays research papers

I. Introduction We can begin to draw comparisons and highlight distinctions about the meaning attached to youth violence, from the modern era to present day. Based on this meaning, we are able to understand the myriad of ways delinquent juveniles are affected by certain policies. Specifically, African Americans are over-represented in the juvenile justice system of Cook County, Chicago. Thus, they are a vulnerable population that is singled out by the system, and this further exacerbates and stigmatizes them. II. Historical Background: Children As Villains In Modern America Until the late 19th century, children were tried in criminal courts with adults. According to common law, the law regarded children under the age of seven, as still in the infancy stage of moral development, while those over the age of fourteen, were morally developed and thus responsible for criminal offenses. An early response, to the reasoning of juvenile delinquency, was that the blame was directed at the child. Children faced harsh punishment, such as prison and death. Eventually, reform efforts were established to provide a more acceptable approach. The Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, viewed delinquents as needing a place to rehabilitate, and punishment was built in (Shepherd). As a penalty, the children worked an 8-hour day at trades and attended school for another 4 hours. Records reveal that many of them had not committed any criminal act, and a number of juvenile delinquents could be categorized as committing status offenders (Shepherd). Juveniles were susceptible to court hearings that were informal, and the ideology was based on the principle that judges will act as a parental guide, and provide an approach to guide children. In addition, another response to the growing concern of youth delinquency was with the establishment of the first juvenile court system created in Cook County, Chicago. This act was unique, since it attempted to reduce the stigma of juvenile crime and create a new approach for the process of offenders. They philosophized that children were not to be treated as criminals but in need of encouragement. III. Current View of Juvenile delinquency Over the decades, the perspective of juvenile delinquency has seemed to intensify, as it has been regarded as an epidemic. Youth violence has appeared to proliferate in some ar... ...are inadequately being taken care of. Consequently, there is the possibility that America’s poor children will grow up in a socially disorganized neighborhood, and ultimately they will be exposed to violence. As they grow up, they will attach meaning to the surroundings and people around them, and depending on the resource in their life they will eventually become molded. References Bennet, J. and Fraser, L. (2002) â€Å"Urban Violence among African American Males: Integrating Family, Neighborhood, and Peer Perspectives†. 1-2. Chicago Gangs. Retrieved December 13, 2004 from http://gangresearch.net Collins, J.W. and Hawkes, E.K. (1997) â€Å"Pathways to Juvenile Detention Reform: Reducing Racial Disparities in Juvenile Detention†. 21-24. Dumke, M. (2000, September. Race, Poverty, & defining failing schools. The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 5, 2004, from http://www.chicagotribune.com. Sheney, R. (2004). Armed and Dangerous. The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 12, 2004 from www.chicagotribune.com Shepherd, R. Jr. â€Å"The Juvenile Court at 100 Years Back: A Look Back†. Retrieved Decmber 13, 2004 from http://www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/jjjournal1299/2.html

Why Video Games Can Be Educational, by You

Over the years video games have been proven to increase addiction to staying inside, along with increased aggression, and various medical and psychosocial effects. However there are many positive aspects to playing video games. Research dating back to the early 1980s has consistently shown that playing computer games (of different genre) produces reductions in reaction times, improved hand-eye co-ordination and raises the player’s self-esteem.Let’s explore into some of these aspects and arguments to determine the ultimate decision on whether video games can help your education. Video games might consume the attention and time of your children, but it is important to remember that technology has and will forever have an impact on childhood as we progress further into scientific research. Here are some things that video games can do well for your children’s health. Video games can be used to research new things.Video games can attract participation by individuals a cross many boundaries Video games can assist your child in making/and completing goals. Video games can be useful by measuring performance on a wide variety of tasks That is some info on what video games can do well for your child, now let’s see explore the possibilities of bad things that can come from this. Over-dependence on video games could foster social isolation, as they are often played alone.Practicing violent acts may contribute more to aggressive behavior than watching TV Many games only offer an arena of weapons, killings, kicking, stabbing and shooting. Most game portray a â€Å"be the most violent† to win scheme. After reading over all of those aspects and points made you are probably leading to think that they are going to do more damage to your child if you let them play video games rather than if you don’t. Sadly I cannot agree with you there and I am trying my best to make you believe that they can do more good than bad.If you are not convinced yet all the evidence points to them being more educational than harmful. Video games are frowned upon by parents as time-wasters, and worse, some education experts think that these games corrupt the brain. Video games may actually teach kids high-level thinking skills that they will need in the future. When your child plays video games, it gives his brain a real workout. In many video games, the skills required to win involve abstract and high level thinking. These skills are not even taught at school.In most video games you can’t just roam around doing whatever you please. Most of them involve a common goal such as following instructions or problem solving and logic. Even if you make the decision to let your children play some of the more violent video games, they will be focused more on winning then killing and getting blood lust out of it. That was my argument on why video games do better than they do worse. I hope you agree with me now and enjoyed learning the facts abou t this topic. ï » ¿Why Video Games Can Be Educational, by You Over the years video games have been proven to increase addiction to staying inside, along with increased aggression, and various medical and psychosocial effects. However there are many positive aspects to playing video games. Research dating back to the early 1980s has consistently shown that playing computer games (of different genre) produces reductions in reaction times, improved hand-eye co-ordination and raises the player’s self-esteem.Let’s explore into some of these aspects and arguments to determine the ultimate decision on whether video games can help your education. Video games might consume the attention and time of your children, but it is important to remember that technology has and will forever have an impact on childhood as we progress further into scientific research. Here are some things that video games can do well for your children’s health. Video games can be used to research new things.Video games can attract participation by individuals a cross many boundaries Video games can assist your child in making/and completing goals. Video games can be useful by measuring performance on a wide variety of tasks That is some info on what video games can do well for your child, now let’s see explore the possibilities of bad things that can come from this. Over-dependence on video games could foster social isolation, as they are often played alone.Practicing violent acts may contribute more to aggressive behavior than watching TV Many games only offer an arena of weapons, killings, kicking, stabbing and shooting. Most game portray a â€Å"be the most violent† to win scheme. After reading over all of those aspects and points made you are probably leading to think that they are going to do more damage to your child if you let them play video games rather than if you don’t. Sadly I cannot agree with you there and I am trying my best to make you believe that they can do more good than bad.If you are not convinced yet all the evidence points to them being more educational than harmful. Video games are frowned upon by parents as time-wasters, and worse, some education experts think that these games corrupt the brain. Video games may actually teach kids high-level thinking skills that they will need in the future. When your child plays video games, it gives his brain a real workout. In many video games, the skills required to win involve abstract and high level thinking. These skills are not even taught at school.In most video games you can’t just roam around doing whatever you please. Most of them involve a common goal such as following instructions or problem solving and logic. Even if you make the decision to let your children play some of the more violent video games, they will be focused more on winning then killing and getting blood lust out of it. That was my argument on why video games do better than they do worse. I hope you agree with me now and enjoyed learning the facts abou t this topic.

LOreal Essays

LOreal Essays LOreal Paper LOreal Paper Essay Topic: Marketing Promotion refers to any marketing activities that are intended to inform, persuade or motivate current and potential customers into buying or supporting a product or service. So as a result of this the promotional mix is a combination of promotional methods used to communicate with target customers. The promotional mix is split up into eight main methods of promotion, these methods are; Using the corporate image. Public relations. Personal selling. Advertising. Exhibitions. Sponsorships. Direct marketing. Sales promotion. The first method I am going to look into for the promotional mix is Using the corporate image. This is when a company uses promotion through the reputation of their business. This can either be through either the company being very profitable or even being a green business that cares for the environment. The corporate image is the public perception of the company rather than a reflection of its actual state. The next method that Im going to be looking into in the promotional mix is Public relations. Public relations is the process of communication of a specific message to organisations stakeholders. The purpose of public relations is to achieve positive publicity from the customers or potential customers. Public relations has to be very effective and the way that this method can deliver being effective is by being planned and controlled and be ready to deal with any situations that arise and continue to deliver effective service over a long period. The next method that Im going to look into in the promotional mix is Personal selling. Personal selling is face-to-face selling in which a seller attempts to convince a customer to make a purchase. A way that personal selling is used in the promotional mix is by increasing business sales, this can be done in two ways these are;   Cross-selling which is done by selling a product that is related to the product that the customer or potential customer has bought or is about to buy. An example of this is if a customer walked into a phone store and the employee persuades the customer to buy a phone case for the phone they have just purchased.   Up-selling is done if a customer walks into a store and is going to purchase a product or service and an employee persuades them to upgrade to get a more expensive better product than what they were looking for. By providing personal selling in the promotional mix it helps businesses to remain competitive against its competition. Another way that personal selling is used is by developing the customer care in the business by gathering feedback off the customers to see what they can improve or add to the service they are providing. This might be by training up staff better so they know more about all the products or services that the company offers so they can help customers make a better purchase. The next method that Im going to look into in the promotional mix is Advertising. Advertising is used to promote a product or service; advertising can be done through celebrities. Such as the new Morrisons advert staring Freddy Flintoff, by using a celebrity in the advert is persuades the customers to shop their as a celebrity is being seen doing so themselves so they want to follow the celebrity trend. The next method that Im going to look into in the promotional mix is Sponsorships. Companies use sponsorships as a way of advertising themselves to the public. An example of this is companies sponsoring the London 2012 Olympics such as McDonalds and Heineken. The next method that Im going to look into in the promotional mix is Direct marketing. Direct marketing is a direct marketing communication with the customer. An example of direct marketing can be;   Direct mail.   Mail orders.   Tele-marketing.   Door to door distribution. The next method that Im going to look into in the promotional mix is Sales promotion. Sales promotion refers to the techniques and methods used by a business to sell its products to either customers or other businesses. Its main purpose is to get customers to purchase the product that the company is trying to sell. An example of this could be by offering a 10% discount to the product or service if you buy a particular newspaper. The first business I am going to look into is LOreal with the AIDA model. AIDA stands for; Attention, Interest, Desire and Action. The way LOreal grabs the attention of its customers or its potential customers is by Sponsorships. LOreal has sponsored Fiat Yamaha in the MotoGP and as a result of this they are placing the LOreal logo on their bikes that they will be racing on, because this logo is on the bikes it will attract people that are watching the MotoGP and will stick that business in peoples minds so it will gain attention of the business a lot more. Another way that LOreal will grab the attention of its customers and potential customers is by using the corporate image. As LOreal is a well established hair product brand it will stick in peoples minds when they think of shampoo as they are a top leader in this target market. The way LOreal gets the interest of its customers or its potential customers is by sales promotion. LOreal uses sales promotion on some of its products to get the customers attention of the product, this is sometimes used by using buy one get one free. LOreal mainly use sale promotion when a new product is launched so that the reputation of that product rises and customers become more aware of it, so as a result of this it gains the interest of the customers or potential customers. The way LOreal gains the desire of its customers or its potential customers is by advertising. LOreal uses advertising to gain the desire of the customer for the products that they are trying to sell, such as the LOreal advert for mens deodorant staring Eric Cantona, by seeing a celebrity using the product customers or potential customers instantly want it because it is being used by a celebrity and is deemed good to have. The way LOreal gets the action off the customers is by direct marketing. LOreal uses direct marketing to customers by sending them newsletters telling them personally about products that suits them by seeing what products they have bought before in the past that relates to the products they are trying to sell. As customers receive this newsletter that relates to what they usually buy they take the action of making a purchase of a new product to test it out and see what it is like. Another way LOreal gets the action off customers is by personal selling. LOreal uses personal selling in the form of cross-selling for some of its products by selling products that relate to the product they have already purchased such as if a customer bought moisturiser then employees for LOreal would try and sell them post balm. The communication model is used in advertising. The company encode the message which they are trying to get across to their current and potential customers in the television advertisements which the viewers will then decode the information in the way they perceive the message. The aim of this method is to persuade the customers to purchase the product in question. The way that LOreal creates an appropriate mix is by splitting up the mix into different categories, these are;   Short term and Long term goals the short term goal is to get the funds to make the new products and bring the new product out to the market. The long term goal is to make the product well established   Target market and exposure to the media the target market that LOreal are aiming for is both men and women between the ages of 16-65, they expose this to the media and aim their products to who they are aiming to, such as a girly magazine that targets teenagers.   Type of market the market that LOreal is in is cosmetics, skincare and head care.   Changing market conditions LOreal needs to take into account the recession so that they are bringing out products that customers can buy whilst money is an issue and spending has to be careful.   Budget and timing LOreal need to budget the products they are making so that the company doesnt make a loss by too many being made, not only this but the time to make the products cant be to long in case there is a huge demand for it. The next business I am going to look into is Compare the Market with the AIDA model. AIDA stands for; Attention, Interest, Desire and Action. The way that Compare the Market grabs the attention of its customers or its potential customers is by Sponsorships. Compare the Market has sponsored channel 4 drama and as a result of sponsoring channel 4 drama they have their advertisements placed before a number of television dramas such as ER, Brothers and Sisters and Shameless, because this advertisement is on the channel 4 breaks it will attract people that are watching the television and will stick that business in peoples minds so it will gain attention of the business a lot more. Another way that Compare the market will grab the attention of its customers and potential customers is by using the corporate image. As Compare the Market is a well established comparing website brand it will stick in peoples minds when they think of finding cheap insurance from their advertisements compare the meerkat, as they are a top leader in this target market. The way that Compare the Market gets the interest of its customers or its potential customers is by advertisements. This is done through people on the advertisement saying that they have saved x amount of money by using the website and how quick and easy it is to use. This gets the interest of the customers or potential customers as they realise that by going on the website they can save more money by comparing different insurance companies all on one page. The way that Compare the Market gains the desire of the customers or its potential customers is by advertisements. This is done by people knowing that by using this website you will only have to fill out your information once, and the rest will be done by the website. This gets the customer desired by only having to fill out information once instead of a lot of times on a number of different websites. Not only this but when on advertisements it tells you that on average people save around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200 this gets them wanting to go on it. The way that Compare the Market gets the action of the customers or its potential customers is by people going on the webpage. Once there on the page and filled out their details and realise how cheap some of the insurance quotes are then they are more likely to make a purchase as it is so simple. The way that Compare the Market creates an appropriate mix is by splitting up the mix into different categories, these are;   Short term and Long term goals the short term goal for Compare the Market is to get the reputation up of the website. The long term goal for Compare the Market is to be the market leader in this market.   Target market and exposure to the media the target market for Compare the Market is between the ages of 17-80 both men and women.   Type of market Compare the Market is in the insurance market.   Changing market conditions in the recession a lot of car insurance companies decided to promote offers such as purchase a year car insurance and get the first two months free, as a result of this Compare the Market are able to market these deals.

Theories of Intelligence and Students Achievements

Theories of Intelligence and Students Achievements Summary The article discusses the role played by implicit theories of intelligence in influencing the achievements of adolescents in mathematics. This was done through two research studies that involved different groups of adolescents. The first study involved 373 adolescents in 7th grade. This study had two variables: students who held the belief that intelligence could be easily influenced, and students who believed that intelligence was fixed and cannot be altered.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Theories of Intelligence and Students Achievements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The researcher tested the efficacy and influence of goals and belief on individual effort. In the second study, a group of 48, 7th graders was taken through a learning model that focused on improvement of student motivation with regard to their beliefs. A control group of 43 students was also included as part of this study. In the first study, the belief that intelligence can be altered showed an upward trend in grades that students attained within the two years of the study. The belief that intelligence was fixed did not show either an upward or downward trend on student’s grades. The grades remained unchanged for the period of study. In the second study, the experimental group showed an upward trend in grades while the control group showed a downward trend. These results can be attributed to the many developmental changes that adolescents go through. These changes determine their academic achievements depending on how they affect their beliefs. Consequently, beliefs on intelligence affect their grades significantly. For example, students who believed that intelligence was fixed performed poorly in academics because they lacked the motivation to handle challenges. In contrast, students who believed that they could alter their intelligence, were motivated enough to handle challenges without giving up even if they failed. In addition, students in this group worked harder in order to increase their intelligence and attain high grades. According to the findings of the study, intelligence theories can be manipulated in real-life to alter the outcomes of situations. Reaction The study has several strengths that validate the findings. The establishment of control groups helped to authenticate the findings of the experimental groups. In addition, the number of participants eliminated the possibility of bias. The first study involved 337 students while the second study involved 99 students. On the other hand, the first study eliminated any doubt of the finding’s effectiveness in displaying the effects of intelligence theories on achievement because it was conducted for two years. Finally, the study was able to determine the effect of intelligence theories on achievement based on the findings.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you ! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It successfully showed the relationship between students’ achievements and their different beliefs with regard to intelligence theories. The study had weaknesses too. It involved students from one school only. This could have introduced some bias in the findings. The study should have included more schools to eliminate partiality because each school has different factors that either aid or hinder students’ belief in intelligence theories. In the second study, the experimental group received additional training that could have introduced some bias in the findings. In addition, the length of study was not sufficient to validate the results. This was unlike in the first study where students were followed for two years. Finally, the study was inconclusive because it did not consider the effect of teaching these theories to students, which could alter their beliefs. It only considered the effect of students†™ beliefs on the theories.

Hotel Employees Designation Vise Management Essay Essays

Hotel Employees Designation Vise Management Essay Essays Hotel Employees Designation Vise Management Essay Essay Hotel Employees Designation Vise Management Essay Essay Vivanta by Taj Bentota, Sri Lanka, delightfully located along one of the finest beaches on the South West seashore, is now siting on a fresh new moving ridge. Yet it remains the charming beach and watering place resort that s about one with the Indian Ocean. Where merriment lovers return for good times. There s a nice new bombilation nevertheless. In the renewed life infinites, the all right eating houses, the high energy saloon, and the watering place where you ll travel Ah! The Chef remains every bit eager to wow you with specially designed repasts. Employees working for the Taj organisation were the topics of this research. The entire population of this organisation is 200 was used as a sampling frame, the choice was done irrespective to the gender which comprises both male and female respondents from the ages 19 to 55 old ages. The degree of instruction of participants scopes from Primary literate degree to third makings. This research has conducted in two months period when the clip that Company runs with extremely disgruntled employees. Two chief occupation classs are represented in the population i.e. professional ( Technical staff ) and disposal and supervisory employees. All participants were lasting employees of the Vivanta by Taj. Primary Data Collection For the research I have collected informations from their studies. And information shows the hotel employee dislocation construction harmonizing to the appellation, diverseness and current state of affairs about the hotel civilization. Hotel employee s appellation vise Further to the above pie chart refers the employee class dislocation, Harmonizing to the appellation vise. None Executives 59 % Executives23 % Trainees 10 % Directors 8 % Hotel Employee Culture Above pie chart shows how the hotel civilization express, Sinhala 73 % Tamils 15 % Warren burgers 6 % Others 6 % Employment based on Permanent, Contacted, Temporary. Hotel has hired people harmonizing to the attached pie chart, Contacted 81 % Permanent 13 % Impermanent 6 % Discussion Organization Structure Of the hotel The organisation top direction belongs to India, and they are the people who recruit employees for the top direction. The Company employees name will non be disclosed due confidential information being exposed and hazard of judicial proceeding. Hotel General director is the individual who responsible for the employees, and guest. He will describe to India. Six section caputs are pull offing their sections. All section caputs has their Executives, and staff to do the organisation to a better topographic point Evaluation of Leadership manners and theories confabulating to the current state of affairs Leadership Theories Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory The leader of the organisation, General Manager and most of the section caputs working and taking determination by utilizing mentioned leading manner. Organization enlistings for the supervisory degree they are utilizing situational leading. Enrolling the employees by the degree of adulthood, Experience in the trade will assist full to full make full their demands. There are so many advantages by utilizing situational leading. Leader will be out of emphasis. Decision devising can authorise by the employees. Great adult male theory ( nineteenth Century ) At the history, peoples used to believe and believed all the leaders are borne non made. And the treated them as heroes. When it is comes to the current state of affairs on the organisation some of the leaders think that among the employees, they ca nt make their work decently because they are non born with the leading styles. This environment must alter in this organisation. Disadvantages is, No Job satisfaction The employee non satisfies with their work/Job, and their life environment. Job turnover per centum will high. And it will consequence to the organisation quickly. Functional theory ( Hackman A ; Walton, 1986 ; McGrath, 1962 ) Harmonizing to the theory, the leader s behaviour is the most of import factor in a company, How the leader will respond in a unbreakable state of affairss, The public presentation of leader. When the company needs him etc. Leader behaviour is more of import to the organisation harmonizing to the theory it displays whatever the state of affairs take topographic point the leader carry out the organisation when its good or bad. Harmonizing to the organisation I look over, the director who manage the forepart of the house, uses above theory for the staff who he handles. Whatever the fortunes comes the direction neer change their attack. The leader motivates staff. The critical issue is attached functional theory is. Leadership manners The people-oriented leader ( Fiedler, 1967 ) Above leading theory is devouring by the general director of the organisation. And he who shows these manners of leading there are some of his work manners below, Efficaciously manages the human resources of the organisation harmonizing to authorized forces policies and processs that to the full conform to current Torahs and ordinances Guarantees the company, marks, mission and, when it comes to guest satisfaction, leader must strongly act. A cordial reception and touristry ever depend on guest satisfaction ; all the employees are covering with human existences non with goods. Subsequently employees need to work smart. The leader will help their employee to do their working environment to a friendly topographic point. The transactional leader Confering to the attached organisation human resource director, Create and keep an organisational environment that promotes positive staff morale and public presentation. Ensure effectual human resources plans are developed and maintained to back up the strategic ends of the Vivanta insurance ( includes recruiting, public presentation direction, preparation, sequence planning, employee dealingss, and compensation ) . Direct, motivate and keep a competent, well-trained, flexible and antiphonal staff capable of run intoing current and future demands. Develop and keep an one-year Board-approved program for the development and sequence of direction TransformationalA leading The most effectual leader ship manner, Transformational leaders are stirring for the ground that is they anticipate the unexcelled from employees. This leads from top to bottom efficiency and assignment from everyone in their squad When mentioning to the current state of affairs some of the leaders managed to move like transformational leaders. These leaders except greatest work from the employees who re working under his direction will acquire motivated. The Grow theoretical account Harmonizing to sir toilet Whitmore this leading styles involved by the Finance director who works for the organisation, He is the individual who assist employees to put marks Harmonizing to the grow theoretical account theory, the leader is the individual who set marks harmonizing to the higher direction petition. Company issues Motivation Critically evaluate and warrant the issues of motive Maslow s hierarchy of work motive ( 1943 ) Manager can use Maslow s theory and the demands that are likely to attach to them, with the intent of accomplishing motive of employees. Maslow s demand theory, Have five degrees. When these degrees completed people get motivated. Mentioning to above figures, in an organisation, The basic demand is an employee is wage ( rewards ) Then after Job security, with domination programs, Insurance, and employee support. The 3rd Social demands mentioned as squad work, accomplishments, official and non-official work Fourth Admiration demands, like acknowledgment, occupation rubrics publicities Last Self-actualization, Personal development. Two-factor theory Psychologist Fredrick Herzberg ( 1975 ) Further to the Herzberg theories, there are motive factors and hygiene factors are depending on the employee. How the organisation dainty on them. Current state of affairs of the organisation is. Job satisfaction and dis satisfaction both elements are every bit impacting the employees. And so, the caputs can convey occupation dissatisfactory to occupation satisfactory. In this organisation, Organization must handle their employees good, and so, the caputs can convey occupation dissatisfactory to occupation satisfactory. In this organisation, Some of the employees will non be displeased, they will be gratified. If the organisation, cover their demands at the expected clip the employees will be more pleased. Herzberg recommended foregrounding factors attach toing with the work. Such as in a on the job topographic point rewards are non the motive factor. There is hygiene factors s besides. People recognition, answerability and achievement are some of the factors. Current motive Techniques available at Vavanta by Taj Teamwork Working with groups and, put their ends for one mark, one time a Month direction concept some marks and, inquire all the sections employees to carry through their marks and achieve the end. Guest Satisfaction Employees who has the good relationship with the invitee, and harmonizing to guest satisfaction they reword employee. And it will actuate staff. Training and development, Training is designed to alter the behaviour, attitudes, techniques, Enhance cognition, and accomplishments and better motive of their employees Development involves larning that goes beyond today s occupation has a more long-run focal point.it prepares employees to maintain peace with the organisation as it changes. Job Enrichment Vertical develop of the current, occupation giving the Employee. Control over planning, executing and rating of his occupation. Besides gives extra duty and independency. Job Enlargement The Horizontal develop of the current occupation. Will be responsible for more occupations and will hold more. Pull offing Cultural Diversity Cultural diverseness based on, racial, gender, different cultural etc. when its semen to the current state of affairs of the company, Categorization of employees based on age group Categorization has been done grouping employee into 5 chief classs on Age group in the selected sample. The undermentioned pie chart exhibits how it comprises employees on age group in the selected employee sample for the research. Above chart following characteristics can be seen in Vivanta By taj ; Out of 30 employees, 13 employees ( 43 % ) are in 21-30 age bounds and it is the highest per centum. 8 employees ( 27 % ) are in 31 40 age bounds, 6 employees ( 20 % ) are in below 20 age bound and 3 employees ( 10 % ) are in 41-50 age bounds severally. The lowest per centum is relation to the in over 50 age bounds and there is no any employee ( 0 % ) in this age bound. Categorization of employees based on educational making Categorization has done grouping employees into 04 chief classs on their educational making. The undermentioned pie charts exhibits how it comprises employees based on their educational makings in the selected sample in the organisations. Harmonizing to the above chart following characteristics can be seen in educational makings of employees in Vivanta by taj sample Out of 30 employees, 17 employees have educated until G.C.E ( O/L ) and it is shown as 58 % of the sum ; which is the highest per centum. The lowest per centum ( 7 % ) has obtained by 2 employees who belong to graduate. Other 04 employees ( 14 % ) are in A/L degree and 06 employees ( 21 % ) are in other district or professional class. The Hofstede dimensional theoretical account of national civilization The Hofstede theoretical account ( Hofstede 2001 ; Hofstede A ; Hofstede 2005 ) The Differentiates civilizations, Harmonizing to five dimensions: Power withdrawal, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainness turning away, and long-/short-term orientation. ( Alcoholics: The Hofstede theoretical account, Applications to planetary stigmatization and Ad scheme and research Page figure 88 ) Cultural Identity A ; Noise To pull off different states states is a critical state of affairs which follows by the direction of vivanta by taj. Harmonizing to company there are different states, and it is transnational hotel. General Manager of the company, he is from India, and some of the section s caputs are from India excessively. Most of them are from Srilanka Other than that Chinese and Maldivian are working for the company. Cultural Taboos Taboos are can be define as behaviours, manners public presentations harmonizing to the civilization. The current state of affairs of the company, there are different cultural tabu. All are working for one mark and some may understand and some nay non. Somehow direction realized the state of affairs and tried to do the environment harmonizing to the cultural tabu. They discipline extremely managed by the company. Cultural Shock Vivanta By taj Benthota, employees have many chances to direct their employees to different states. Some of the directors, making this to actuate staff but it is non go oning the manner they anticipate. Cultural daze is at that place to actuate staff. Organizational civilization Independent variables Dependent variable Supervisory Behavior Job satisfaction Working Conditionss Salary Promotion Conceptual frame work Previous surveies trying to associate honor direction system and employees work results have had limited result in range and were frequently affected by methodological restraints. In order to get the better of the restrictions mentioned, this survey contributes to the literature by trying to fulfill the clear demand for an analytical survey that examines recognizable dimensions of wages direction system, and associating wages direction system and employees occupation satisfaction, utilizing appropriate statistical methods. Based on an extended survey of old research on wages direction system, four nucleus dimensions of wages direction system have been identified as cardinal dimensions, which support an organisation s concern scheme towards the addition in employees work results. These Dimensions of organisational civilization are, Supervisory Behavior Working Conditionss Salary Promotion The cardinal dimensions listed above are relevant to organisational excellence and people-oriented facets such as employees occupation satisfaction from a wages direction position. The theoretical account suggests that the greater the extent to which these four dimensions of wages direction are present, the greater will be the satisfaction of employee. Different Motivation Techniques pattern by Cultural Diverse by Taj The Company has used assorted wagess scheme to actuate their employees towards best public presentation. Such wages tools were identified through the study and these are as follows. Supervisor behaviour Research indicates that the quality of the supervisor-subordinate relationship will hold a important, positive influence on the employee s overall degree of occupation satisfaction this Research appears to be indicates that persons are likely to hold high degrees of occupation satisfaction if supervisors provide them with support and co-operation in finishing their undertakings. Taj hotel they maintain positive relationship with their colleagues that has led for higher occupation satisfaction. Promotion In really simple term publicity means how far a occupation can guarantee 1s calling in occupation. It means whether the occupation is back uping the employee to be established or give range to develop 1s calling. Career has some stages. It starts with Recruitment and choice. The other stages are: publicity, preparation and transportation every bit good as arrangement. All these stages cover in the Company. Their satisfaction and dissatisfaction depends upon these factors through which an employee can make to the ultimate ends of the occupation. Working status Working conditions is another factor that has a moderate impact on the employee s occupation satisfaction, if people work in a clean, friendly environment they will happen it easier to come to work. If the antonym should go on, they will happen it hard to carry through undertakings. Maintains that working conditions are merely likely to hold a important impact on occupation satisfaction when, for illustration, the on the job conditions are either highly good or highly hapless. Furthermore, employee ailments sing working conditions are often related to manifestations of underlying jobs. Salary One of the most of import intents to make a occupation is acquiring salary. If one gets a fine-looking wage by which one can afford the life may do occupation satisfaction. But if the wage can non bear 1s expenditure one should non be satisfied with the wage. Harmonizing to the Research company maintain fine-looking salary construction for all degree of employees so that will take for higher occupation satisfaction. Performance Management and Employee Welfare A ; Profit Recognition-Appraise and appreciate people for their attempts and give them sense of accomplishment. Wages: a pecuniary expressing for the exceeding public presentation. Job Designing: Job Rotation-systematic motion of employee ( s ) from one occupation to another. Provides assortment and stimulates the employee. Job Enrichment-vertical enlargement of the current occupation giving the Employee control over planning, executing and rating of his occupation. Besides gives extra duty and independency. Job Enlargement -horizontal enlargement of the current occupation. Will be responsible for more occupations and will hold more Training and Development Training is designed to alter the behaviour, attitudes, techniques, Enhance cognition, accomplishments and better motive of our employees Needed for their present occupation. Development involves larning that goes beyond today s occupation has a more long-run focal point.it prepares employees to maintain peace with the organisation as it changes. Solution for linguistic communication barriers For being a top ranking in cordial reception, they have to keep their position of commuting. Guest is coming all the manner from universe therefore every one demand to larn an international linguistic communication. English is the most indispensable linguistic communication. So by holding a preparation category to all employees who are deficiency of English will assist to keep company statues every bit good as the employee motive. Recruitment processs in the Vivanta by Taj Good enlisting patterns and Recruitment processs choosing campaigners, Print and maintain ruddy with the employment study Finding the best manner of roll uping employees explicating the occupation commercial by utilizing modern engineering.Ex. Internet, intelligence documents short registry campaigners questioning scrutiny mentions and fabricating a occupation offer There are General Conditions when recruit an employee: 1. Ageless employee are employed by scrutiny merely. 2. Competitions are advertised on our enlisting web site in official Vacancy notices. 3. The choice process consists of three phases: a preliminary choice, a written scrutiny and an interview. The campaigners who are meets with the requments, in the organisation will acquire higher Markss. And will be name for a 2nd interview. All interviewees obtain a written answer by electronic mail or missive, one or the other optimistic or unwanted, after each phase of the choice process.

Is Inheritance Justified Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is Inheritance Justified - Essay Example This discussion has been very common among scholars, especially philosophers, and economists and some of them have gone to the extent of publishing scholarly works either discrediting or in support of this longtime practice. This paper seeks to dissect this topic from a philosophical perspective- employing ethics and critical thinking- so as establish whether inheritance is a just or unjust practice. In â€Å"Is Inheritance Justified?† Haslett D. W. introduces his work by noting how income is not distributed equally in the United States (Isbister 143). This unequal distribution is, indeed, a problem experienced by all the governments of the world and is a point of concern to every global citizen including myself. So as to address this issue, the government has dished out gifts and introduced the idea of estate taxes to tame the inequality. Haslett contends that giving gifts does not solve the problem because he believes inheritance just worsens the inequality. The question, therefore, is that â€Å"is this skewness brought about by inheritance?† should the unequal distribution of income be a reason to abolish inheritance? I don’t know what other people would say, but I think that would be harsh and would hurt our economy big time. Haslett seems to be a staunch believer in capitalism as a model for economic growth even though he does not demonstrate this. He borrows heavily from the principles of capitalism to support why inheritance should be abolished. According to him, there are three fundamental principles of capitalism that inheritance is inconsistent with. The first principle is that an individual’s income should be commensurate with his productivity, and Haslett firmly believes inheritance does not encourage this. The second ideal, which is also contravened by inheritance, is that people should be given equal opportunities to produce. The third ideal is freedom, that is, people should be allowed to engage in transactions that benefit them so long as

Public Relations Campaigns Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Public Relations Campaigns - Article Example They are the key people because even though the impact of the project will be felt by the whole city, those people will receive the first hand impact since they have to relocate their homes and business, suffer losses among other impacts most of which are negative. The theme of this project is â€Å"public relations campaign for the city’s development† and it aims at garnering public support from the city dwellers on the upcoming development project. The message for the above mentioned group is to persuade them to look at the positive impact the development project will have in not only their lives but also the lives of their children in future once this whole project is finished. More business opportunities will be created when tourists start to visit the city in order to view the project or participate in cultural festivals and shows that will be hosted in the completed building that wants to be developed now. There are several ways to reach the public: to have forums with them in their business areas or home locations, door-to-door campaign and especially for those who live in that area that the development project is to come up, media intervention like announcements, discussion programs, posters, and finally meetings with the city residents in halls among other ways (Gregory,

Robert Adam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Robert Adam - Essay Example Born in Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland in 1728, Adam led the neo-classical era of architecture in England and Scotland from the mid-1700's until his death in 1792. Adam rose to be one of the most influential architects in Great Britain employing the famed Neo-classical style of architecture.This achievement is reminiscent in many of his works all across the United Kingdom. After he earned fame on the completion of the remodeling of the Syon House, a Tudor-style convent situated at the outskirts of London, Adam was commissioned to build new structures and remodel existing structures which include, the Osterley Park in Middlesex and the Kenwood House, to fit the Neo-classical genre. But most importantly, Adam's works of genius can be witnessed today in the city of Edinburgh, Scotland where his designs of various structures and interior decoration continue to elicit awe and respect. Adam's stylistic influence in architecture has been massive and long lasting. However, his influence and innov ative ideas on interior design and intricate attention to details even on his tiniest of creations earned him the reputation as one of the greatest masters of interior design. He employed more flexibility and integrated aspects of classic Roman design which manifested hints and mixtures of Greek, Byzantine and Baroque creations. THE ADAMESQUE STAIR HALL ORNAMENT One of his most influential creations, the Osterley House, manifests Adam's genius and innovations in the design of interior delineating the Roman classical details on this particular work. 1The house features coffered Roman ceilings, apses, pilaster and grotesques reminiscent of the age of Antiquity. Adam's inclusion of the Etruscan dressing room gave the Osterley Park creation its most original and distinctive aspect, as Adam's utilization of this design is the finest 18th century variation of the Roman motif. Furthermore, at Kenwood House, Adam built a vaulted library, celebrated as his most intricate and beautiful creation. The vaulted library boasts of its soft blue palette balanced by white columns and hints of gilts, a creation unfamiliar in that era apparent only in that age's most intricate porcelains. Adamesque Door Surround THE ROOM The aforementioned innovative designs are typical of Adam who mixed neo-Gothic features with 'Etruscan' and 'Egyptian' motifs, considered minor features of the 'Adamesque' movement. Adam's style is unique, in that, it includes ornamentations reminiscent of the Roman motifs 2such as framed medallions, vases, urns and tripods, arabesque vine scrolls, sphinxes and gryphons. His distinct interior design also includes 3flat grotesque panels, pilasters, painted ornaments such as swags and ribbons and intricate color schemes. Adam's room arrangements, ornamental ceilings, chimneypieces and furniture characterized a 'greater unity and architectonic quality' in many of their features which are found missing or lacking in the works of his contemporaries. Although he was more famed for his architecture, his works on the interior and decoration of it, are of more lasting importance. 4The Pompeiian features and influence are evident in his decoration and setting of interiors, which give them the feeling of perfection and intricacy as Adam values ornamental balance and open spaces. THE STAIR HALL Most designers

Brookes Brother Firm Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brookes Brother Firm - Research Paper Example Brookes Brother already has a presence on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, as well as its own Blog. As Ralph Lauren once said â€Å"I don’t design clothes, I design dreams† (Allgreatquotes). The internet has become the dream innovation for the fashion industry. Ecommerce sales are rising in the United States and abroad. It is estimated that global ecommerce sales will reach $963 billion by 2013, while the United States is expected to reach $235 billion in sales within three years (Davis). The apparel industry is growing due to a rise in population and a rise in the income capacity of consumers in emerging economies. In the United States in 2010 the retail sales of clothes and accessories was $218 billion (Plunkett Research). Facebook is the top social media website with over 750 million users. The company must advertise itself using Facebook. Due to the lack of knowledge of the company in social media advertising the firm must hire a professional marketing consulting firm to develop a strategy to maximize the firm’s exposure to its target market of people between the ages of 16 to 30 years of age. The use of a downloadable game sponsored by Bookers Brother is a great way to attract traffic from Facebook users. The company should hire a team of young writers to develop original slogans and conversation topics to discuss on Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Foursquare and other social media websites. Foursquare is a radical social media network for cellular devices.

Natural Gas Boiler Plant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Natural Gas Boiler Plant - Essay Example Stack gas analysis sought to find the composition of the stack gas, proportion of excess air, the average capacity of stack gas heat, composition of fuel, inlet and outlet temperatures and air to fuel ratio. A gas combustion analyzer was used to achieve this objective together with computation of various equations as follows. A bomb calorimeter could be defined as a device for measuring energy which combusts a specified amount of fuel in excessive air, comparing it to a baseline fuel which is of known calorific value. This would be achieved by measuring the change in temperature after a settling time in a given quantity of water. From this, the fuel calorific value would be computed from the ratio difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures. Determining the overall efficiency of the natural gas boiler called for arranging the collected information numerically. Efficiency was first determined using the input vs. output method. In this method, the energy input into the boiler (making use of fuel mass flow rate and calorific value) and that output from the boiler (making use of steam and feed water enthalpies and steam mass flow rate) would be compared. This method yields equation (ii). Alternatively, the efficiency of the boiler could be determined through the heat loss method. This has two major components: the first employs stack gas heat capacity together with the input and output temperatures; while the second uses the heat lost through radiation and convection. Equation (iii) represents this method. After weighing the fuel, it would be placed inside a crucible. This would then be dipped into an oxygen-filled bomb under a pressure of about 35 atmospheres. This bomb would then be placed into a container with predetermined amount of water. This container would then be placed inside a jacket. The impellor on the lid of the jacket ensures that heat is evenly distributed throughout the water while the thermometer

Disscuss the key purpose and rationale for why the government had Essay

Disscuss the key purpose and rationale for why the government had policies of protection - Essay Example The history of Australia is full of violence and bloodshed. The Aboriginal people are considered to be the earliest human race of Australia and is believed to have arrived in this land from the South East Asia around fifty thousand years ago probably during the Ice Age. The Aboriginals who are â€Å"Australia’s first people are divided into two main groups- the Aboriginal people of mainland Australia and the southern island of Tasmania† (Bartlett. 2002)1. During the last half of 17th century, the European explorers including the British sailed down to reach the coast of Australia. During that period, it was known as New Holland. The primary reason for British settlement was to find a suitable place for their convicts to be punished. Then British Governor, Arthur Phillip reached Australia with â€Å"two warships, three supply ships and six ships which carried the main group, almost 800 convicts† (Virginia Tech, n.d.)2. The Europeans however decided to settle down in this land as they found it ideal for cattle and sheep rearing. The ensuing clash of cultures between the two societies (The European and the Aborigines) led to terrible violence and occasional bloodshed. The period of European invasion in Australia is often called as the dark period in the Aboriginal history. Such ruthless had been the invasion, that this period is known as the ‘Killing Time’ in the Australian Museum’s Aboriginal Gallery (Simpson. 2001)3. Initially, the Australian Aboriginal people did not accept the European settlers and revolted against them. But the Europeans were well equipped with the latest weapons that they had brought with themselves from Europe. The Aboriginal people were unable to compete with them and thus the Europeans got an upper hand in the Land of Australia. The ownership of land was the major and the first reason for conflict between these two communities. The Aboriginals did not use the land

Brookes Brother Firm Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brookes Brother Firm - Research Paper Example Brookes Brother already has a presence on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, as well as its own Blog. As Ralph Lauren once said â€Å"I don’t design clothes, I design dreams† (Allgreatquotes). The internet has become the dream innovation for the fashion industry. Ecommerce sales are rising in the United States and abroad. It is estimated that global ecommerce sales will reach $963 billion by 2013, while the United States is expected to reach $235 billion in sales within three years (Davis). The apparel industry is growing due to a rise in population and a rise in the income capacity of consumers in emerging economies. In the United States in 2010 the retail sales of clothes and accessories was $218 billion (Plunkett Research). Facebook is the top social media website with over 750 million users. The company must advertise itself using Facebook. Due to the lack of knowledge of the company in social media advertising the firm must hire a professional marketing consulting firm to develop a strategy to maximize the firm’s exposure to its target market of people between the ages of 16 to 30 years of age. The use of a downloadable game sponsored by Bookers Brother is a great way to attract traffic from Facebook users. The company should hire a team of young writers to develop original slogans and conversation topics to discuss on Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Foursquare and other social media websites. Foursquare is a radical social media network for cellular devices.

Disscuss the key purpose and rationale for why the government had Essay

Disscuss the key purpose and rationale for why the government had policies of protection - Essay Example The history of Australia is full of violence and bloodshed. The Aboriginal people are considered to be the earliest human race of Australia and is believed to have arrived in this land from the South East Asia around fifty thousand years ago probably during the Ice Age. The Aboriginals who are â€Å"Australia’s first people are divided into two main groups- the Aboriginal people of mainland Australia and the southern island of Tasmania† (Bartlett. 2002)1. During the last half of 17th century, the European explorers including the British sailed down to reach the coast of Australia. During that period, it was known as New Holland. The primary reason for British settlement was to find a suitable place for their convicts to be punished. Then British Governor, Arthur Phillip reached Australia with â€Å"two warships, three supply ships and six ships which carried the main group, almost 800 convicts† (Virginia Tech, n.d.)2. The Europeans however decided to settle down in this land as they found it ideal for cattle and sheep rearing. The ensuing clash of cultures between the two societies (The European and the Aborigines) led to terrible violence and occasional bloodshed. The period of European invasion in Australia is often called as the dark period in the Aboriginal history. Such ruthless had been the invasion, that this period is known as the ‘Killing Time’ in the Australian Museum’s Aboriginal Gallery (Simpson. 2001)3. Initially, the Australian Aboriginal people did not accept the European settlers and revolted against them. But the Europeans were well equipped with the latest weapons that they had brought with themselves from Europe. The Aboriginal people were unable to compete with them and thus the Europeans got an upper hand in the Land of Australia. The ownership of land was the major and the first reason for conflict between these two communities. The Aboriginals did not use the land

Ketones in insulin resistant state Essay Example for Free

Ketones in insulin resistant state Essay 1. How is glucose normally maintained in the post absorptive state? 2. Why is muscle glycogen not useful for blood glucose 3. Why may this situation have evolved 4. Under what circumstances do you think substantial gluconeogenesis will occur 5. What is necessary for the production of ketones 6. What will reduce acetyl CoA oxidation 7. When is oxaloacetate availability impaired 8. When is the regulation of gluconeogenesis disrupted Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are reciprocally regulated by eachother. What promotes the activity of one inhibits the other. Lack of insulin leads to high levels of glucose in the blood, gluc levels exceed renal threshold. . this causes excess water to excreted in urine (polyuria) Ketones are formed when there is not enough sugar or glucose to supply the body’s fuel needs. This occurs overnight, and during dieting or fasting. During these periods, insulin levels are low, but glucagon and epinephrine levels are relatively normal. This combination of low insulin, and relatively normal glucagon and epinephrine levels causes fat to be released from the fat cells. The fats travel through the blood circulation to reach the liver where they are processed into ketone units. The ketone units then circulate back into the blood stream and are picked up by the muscle and other tissues to fuel your body’s metabolism. In a person without diabetes, ketone production is the body’s normal adaptation to starvation. Blood sugar levels never get too high, because the production is regulated by just the right balance of insulin, glucagon and other hormones.However, in an individual with diabetes, dangerous and life-threatening levels of ketones can develop. When there is not enough insulin, the fat cells keep releasing fat into the circulation, and the liver keeps making more and more ketones and ketoacids. The rising ketoacid levels make the blood pH too low (acidotic/Diabetic Keto-Acidosis), which is an emergency medical situation and requires immediate medical attention. Oxidation reaction†¦ leads to release of h+ ions Lipogenesis: Since carbohydrates are the major part of the diet, they must be immediately converted into energy, stored as glycogen, or converted into fats. The introduction has already presented the facts about the necessity of storing energy as fat. A total of 55% of the carbohydrates are involved in the synthesis of fats. The total energy content of the diet must be balanced with the energy requirements of the human body. If excess foods (calories) are ingested beyond the bodys energy needs, the excess foods (energy) are converted into fat. If insufficient calories are ingested, the energy deficit is made up by oxidizing fat reserves. These simple facts provide the key to weight control although it is probably more easily understood than carried out in practice. Excessive deposits of lipids lead to an obese condition. Extensive blood capillary networks in these deposits mean that they are quite active metabolically. Obesity puts a strain on the heart by causing it to pump blood through extra c apillaries. Generally, obesity results from overeating, but a few people have malfunctioning endocrine glands. Lipid metabolism is in a constant state of dynamic equilibrium. This means that some lipids are constantly being oxidized to meet energy needs, while others are being synthesized and stored. In rats, the average life-time of a single lipid molecule ranges from 2 to 10 days. A similar figure probably applies to human lipid metabolism. The sequence of reactions involved in the formation of lipids is known as Lipogenesis. Lipogenesis is not simply the reverse of the fatty acid spiral, but does start with acetyl CoA and does build up by the addition of two carbons units. The synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm in contrast to the degradation (oxidation) which occurs in the mitochondria. Many of the enzymes for the fatty acid synthesis are organized into a multienzyme complex called fatty acid synthetase. The major points in the overall lipogenesis reactions are: Starvation and Diabetes Synthesis of Ketone Bodies: When the body is deprived of food whether by voluntary or involuntary fasting, starvation is the net result. During starvation, glycogen reserves are rapidly depleted and the body begins to metabolize reserves of fat and protein. The entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle depends on the availability of oxaloacetic acid for the formation of citric acid. In starvation or uncontrolled diabetes situations, oxaloacetic acid is used to synthesize glucose and is then not available for use with acetyl CoA. Under these conditions, acetyl CoA is diverted from the citric acid cycle to the formation of acetoacetic and 3-hydroxybutanoic acids. In three steps, two acetyl CoA react to make acetoacetic acid. The acetoacetic acid may be changed into either acetone or 3-hydroxybutanoic acid. All three compounds are collectively known as ketone bodies even though one is not a ketone. The odor of acetone may be detected on the breath of a person with excess ketone bodies in the blood. The overall accumulation of ketone bodies in blood and urine is known as ketosis. The acids also upset buffers in the blood to cause acidosis. Both acetoacetic acid and 3-hydroxybutanoic acid can be used by the heart, kidneys, and brain for metabolism to produce energy. The heart and kidneys actually prefer these to glucose. In contrast, the brain prefers glucose, but will adapt if necessary in starvation or diabetic conditions. Link to: Ketone Bodies (move cursor over arrows)